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Summary of Simulation Results
| Model | RI-CLPM | MLM 1 | MLM 2 | MLM 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Convergence | 99.2% | 100.0% | 99.4% | 100.0% |
| Proportional bias, M (SD) | 0.7 (1.0)% | 26.6 (26.4)% | 24.9 (22.7)% | 19.47 (22.0)% |
| Range | 0.0%–12.2% | 0.0%–190.1% | 0.0%–191.4% | 0.0%–172.2% |
| Type-I error rate, M (SD) | 2.7 (0.8)% | 26.1 (36.2)% | 8.1 (16.2)% | 15.9 (24.9)% |
| Range | 0.6%–5.8% | 0.0%–100.0% | 0.0%–97.8% | 0.0%–99.8% |
Note. RI-CLPM = random intercept cross-lagged panel model; MLM = multilevel models.
