TABLE 2.
Metabolites associated with OCS
| Metabolite | Cluster # | SAns¶ (n=123) | SAns+OCS¶ (n=66) | p-value + | FDR |
| Cystathionine | A | 0.87 (0.71–1.14) | 1.10 (0.85–1.53) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Histidine | A | 0.87 (0.73–0.98) | 0.77 (0.61–0.85) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Isoleucine | A | 1.10 (0.92–1.20) | 0.92 (0.77–1.06) | 0.029 | 0.010 |
| 5-Aminolevulinic acid | B | 0.91 (0.76–1.12) | 0.76 (0.58–0.92) | 0.046 | 0.015 |
| Kynurenic acid | B | 0.89 (0.78–1.04) | 0.82 (0.73–0.95) | 0.047 | 0.014 |
| Uracil | B | 0.86 (0.73–1.01) | 0.66 (0.52–0.78) | 2.16×10−4 | 0.001 |
| 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid | D | 1.06 (0.96–1.19) | 1.19 (1.04–1.34) | 0.022 | 0.008 |
| Aspartic acid | D | 1.17 (0.98–1.35) | 0.86 (0.73–1.07) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Glutamic acid§ | D | 1.16 (1.04–1.37) | 1.04 (0.90–1.20) | 0.058 | 0.015 |
| N-Acetylputrescine | D | 1.06 (0.94–1.25) | 1.24 (1.04–1.42) | 0.035 | 0.012 |
| N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid | D | 0.92 (0.82–1.00) | 1.16 (1.05–1.30) | 7.52×10−5 | 0.001 |
| S-Adenosylhomocysteine | D | 1.00 (0.83–1.16) | 1.15 (1.04–1.38) | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Serotonin | D | 1.23 (1.06–1.44) | 1.41 (1.17–1.83) | 0.017 | 0.007 |
| Methylthioadenosine | E | 1.25 (1.07–1.65) | 0.90 (0.72–1.26) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Xanthine | E | 1.16 (0.97–1.39) | 0.96 (0.69–1.18) | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| 2-Furoylglycine | G | 0.68 (0.47–0.90) | 2.05 (1.24–3.15) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| 4-Pyridoxic acid | G | 0.94 (0.84–1.05) | 1.06 (0.88–1.36) | 0.048 | 0.014 |
| Allantoin | G | 1.02 (0.84–1.26) | 1.17 (0.95–1.47) | 0.019 | 0.008 |
| Aminovaleric acid | G | 1.19 (0.71–1.78) | 0.83 (0.44–1.21) | 0.014 | 0.006 |
| Glucosamine | G | 0.87 (0.77–1.06) | 1.18 (0.97–1.43) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Maltose | G | 1.09 (0.91–1.49) | 1.84 (1.19–2.86) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Methylhippuric acid | G | 0.89 (0.71–1.16) | 1.18 (0.94–1.49) | 0.014 | 0.006 |
| Sucrose | G | 1.13 (0.83–1.51) | 1.78 (1.34–2.35) | 2.35×10−4 | 0.001 |
| Xylose | G | 1.00 (0.82–1.16) | 1.44 (1.01–2.04) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
SAns: non-smoking severe asthmatics; #: cluster assignment as shown in figure 1; ¶: all fold-change estimates are in comparison to healthy participants and displayed as the mean (95% CI); +: Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test between OCS-treated and non-treated groups; §: glutamic acid was included due to its high magnitude of effect on the corresponding multivariate principal components–canonical variate analysis model (figure 2).