Table 1.
Characteristics and CSF biomarkers of participants at baseline.
| Characteristics | HC (n = 100) | PD (n = 219) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62.02 ± 10.51 | 61.15 ± 9.82 | 0.476 |
| Gender (F/M) | 34/66 | 75/144 | 0.966 |
| Education (years) | 16.10 ± 2.61 | 16.19 ± 2.59 | 0.764 |
| APOE ε4 carrier status | 27/94 | 46/203 | 0.259 |
| Aβ1−42 (pg/ml) | 991.36 ± 524.61 | 893.44 ± 400.17 | 0.055 |
| T-tau (pg/ml) | 192.08 ± 78.52 | 167.45 ± 56.68 | 0.004 |
| P-tau (pg/ml) | 17.53 ± 8.66 | 14.76 ± 5.16 | 0.005 |
| α-synuclein (pg/ml) | 126.49 ± 53.82 | 103.25 ± 47.76 | <0.001 |
| sTREM2 (ng/ml) | 7.23 ± 2.42 | 6.97 ± 2.27 | 0.355 |
| MoCA | 28.11 ± 1.07 | 27.08 ± 2.15 | <0.001 |
| JoLO | 13.13 ± 2.05 | 13.14 ± 1.86 | 0.951 |
| LNS | 10.78 ± 2.56 | 10.68 ± 2.56 | 0.732 |
| SDMT | 45.58 ± 10.81 | 42.09 ± 9.03 | 0.005 |
| Semantic Fluency Test | 51.57 ± 10.35 | 51.14 ± 9.78 | 0.719 |
| HVLT Total Recall | 49.37 ± 10.15 | 46.07 ± 10.38 | 0.008 |
| HVLT Delayed Recall | 48.04 ± 12.12 | 45.40 ± 10.84 | 0.052 |
| HVLT Retention | 48.28 ± 12.47 | 47.56 ± 11.46 | 0.611 |
| HVLT RD | 47.61 ± 12.01 | 45.40 ± 11.40 | 0.114 |
| UPDRS-III | 1.40 ± 2.27 | 20.77 ± 8.75 | <0.001 |
| H&Y | 0.02 ± 0.14 | 1.59 ± 0.51 | <0.001 |
APOE, apolipoprotein E; Aβ1−42, amyloid1−42; T-tau, Total tau; P-tau, phosphorylated tau; α-syn, α-synuclein; sTREM2, soluble triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; JoLO, Benton Judgment of Line Orientation Score; LNS, Letter Number Sequencing; SDMT, Symbol Digit Modality Test; HVLT, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test; HVLT RD, Recognition Discrimination; UPDRS-III, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III; H&Y, Hoehn and Yahr.