TABLE 2.

Changes in primary outcomes.

	Test group (n = 21)	Control group (n = 16)	Between-group difference, Mean (95%CI)	Z/t	p	Effect size Cohen’s D
6MWT distances
Pre-intervention	467.0 ± 58.6	493.6 ± 75.6	−26.6(−71.3∼18.2)	−1.206	0.236#
Post-intervention	511.9 ± 64.5	480.4 ± 59.8	31.5(−10.7∼73.6)	−1.503	0.138*	0.506
Post-intervention-Pre-intervention	44.9 ± 40.2	−13.1 ± 57.2	58.0(25.6∼90.5)	−3.174	0.001*	1.173
6MWT measured distance compliance percentage
Pre-intervention	71.3 ± 12.0	80.3 ± 14.1	−9.0(−17.7∼−0.2)	−2.087	0.044#
Post-intervention	78.0 ± 12.7	78.1 ± 11.5	−0.1(−8.3∼8.1)	0.491	0.639*	−0.008
Post-intervention-Pre-intervention	6.8 ± 5.7	−2.1 ± 9.1	8.9(3.9∼13.8)	−3.097	0.001*	1.172
Grip strength
Pre-intervention	28.6 ± 8.1	33.7 ± 8.1	−5.2(−10.6∼0.3)	−1.929	0.062#
Post-intervention	31.2 ± 9.4	33.6 ± 9.5	−2.4(−8.8∼4.0)	−0.764	0.450#	−0.254
Post-intervention-Pre-intervention	2.7 ± 4.3	−0.1 ± 2.5	2.8(0.3∼5.2)	2.293	0.028#	0.796
5-sit-to-stand test (5R-STS)
Pre-intervention	10.1 ± 1.8	9.0 ± 2.8	1.1(−0.4∼2.7)	1.500	0.143#
Post-intervention	9.0 ± 1.7	9.6 ± 3.3	−0.6(−2.3∼1.1)	0.123	0.916*	−0.229
Post-intervention-Pre-intervention	−1.1 ± 1.4	0.6 ± 2.2	−1.7(−2.9∼−0.6)	−2.976	0.005#	−0.922
4-m gait speed
Pre-intervention	3.2 ± 0.5	2.8 ± 0.5	0.4(0.1∼0.7)	2.377	0.023#
Post-intervention	2.9 ± 0.4	3.0 ± 0.5	−0.2(−0.5∼0.1)	−1.372	0.179#	−0.221
Post-intervention-Pre-intervention	−0.3 ± 0.4	0.2 ± 0.5	−0.6(−0.9∼−0.3)	−4.154	<0.001#	0.221

6MWT: 6-minute walking test, CI: confidence interval.* Mann–Whitney U test was used, ^# independent samples t test was used.