Table 1.
Patient Characteristics at the Time of Index PCI
Characteristic | All patients (n=3342) | LOF‐alternative (n=571) | LOF‐clopidogrel (n=461) | Standardized differences for comparison of LOF‐alternative vs LOF‐clopidogrel | Non‐LOF‐alternative (n=378) | Non‐LOF‐clopidogrel (n=1932) | Standardized differences for comparison of non‐LOF alternative vs non‐LOF‐clopidogrel |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, y | 63±12 | 60±11 | 64±12 | 0.336 | 60±10 | 64±12 | 0.349 |
Female sex | 1075 (32) | 158 (28) | 161 (35) | 0.157 | 99 (26) | 657 (34) | 0.171 |
Race | |||||||
White | 2448 (73) | 413 (72) | 315 (68) | 0.088 | 287 (76) | 1433 (74) | 0.08 |
Black | 659 (20) | 117 (21) | 109 (24) | 62 (16) | 371 (19) | ||
Other † | 235 (7) | 41 (7) | 37 (8) | 29 (8) | 128 (7) | ||
BMI, kg/m2 | 30±6 | 30±7 | 30±7 | 0.054 | 31±6 | 30±6 | 0.14 |
Current smoker | 969 (29) | 178 (31) | 138 (30) | 0.027 | 114 (30) | 539 (28) | 0.05 |
PCI indication | |||||||
ACS | 2290 (69) | 412 (72) | 306 (66) | 0.125* | 290 (77) | 1282 (66) | 0.231* |
STEMI | 628 (19) | 148 (26) | 53 (12) | 106 (28) | 321 (17) | ||
NSTEMI | 939 (28) | 161 (28) | 134 (29) | 117 (31) | 527 (27) | ||
Unstable angina | 723 (22) | 103 (18) | 119 (26) | 67 (18) | 434 (23) | ||
Stable CAD | 936 (28) | 143 (25) | 137 (30) | 80 (21) | 576 (30) | ||
Other/unknown | 116 (4) | 16 (3) | 18 (4) | 8 (2) | 74 (4) | ||
PCI type | |||||||
Drug‐eluting stent | 2868 (86) | 485 (85) | 388 (84) | 0.021 | 348 (92) | 1647 (85) | 0.216 |
Bare metal stent | 371 (11) | 65 (11) | 48 (10) | 0.031 | 25 (7) | 233 (12) | 0.188 |
PTCA | 85 (3) | 16 (3) | 20 (4) | 0.083 | 4 (1) | 45 (2) | 0.099 |
Medical history | |||||||
Diabetes | 1354 (41) | 190 (33) | 206 (45) | 0.236 | 130 (34) | 828 (43) | 0.175 |
Hypertension | 2704 (81) | 428 (75) | 389 (84) | 0.236 | 286 (76) | 1601 (83) | 0.178 |
Dyslipidemia | 2317 (69) | 394 (69) | 329 (71) | 0.052 | 244 (65) | 1350 (70) | 0.114 |
CKD | 963 (29) | 161 (28) | 165 (36) | 0.163 | 59 (16) | 578 (30) | 0.346 |
MI | 866 (26) | 142 (25) | 136 (30) | 0.104 | 97 (26) | 491 (25) | 0.006 |
Coronary stent | 770 (23) | 113 (20) | 117 (25) | 0.134 | 83 (22) | 457 (24) | 0.04 |
Stroke/TIA | 348 (10) | 41 (7) | 70 (15) | 0.256 | 16 (4) | 221 (11) | 0.271 |
PVD | 335 (10) | 49 (9) | 66 (14) | 0.181 | 19 (5) | 201 (10) | 0.203 |
Heart failure | 533 (16) | 78 (14) | 89 (19) | 0.153 | 38 (10) | 328 (17) | 0.204 |
Atrial fibrillation | 316 (10) | 40 (7) | 55 (12) | 0.169 | 15 (4) | 206 (11) | 0.259 |
Gastrointestinal or intracranial hemorrhage | 111 (3) | 20 (4) | 26 (6) | 0.102 | 7 (2) | 58 (3) | 0.075 |
Cancer | 184 (6) | 26 (5) | 22 (5) | 0.01 | 14 (4) | 122 (6) | 0.12 |
Discharge medication | |||||||
Aspirin | 3269 (98) | 563 (99) | 449 (97) | 0.086 | 371 (98) | 1886 (98) | 0.037 |
Statin | 3143 (94) | 548 (96) | 434 (94) | 0.084 | 365 (97) | 1796 (93) | 0.162 |
ACE inhibitor or ARB | 2245 (67) | 400 (70) | 306 (66) | 0.079 | 251 (66) | 1288 (67) | 0.006 |
β‐blocker | 2852 (85) | 483 (85) | 378 (82) | 0.07 | 325 (86) | 1666 (86) | 0.007 |
Anticoagulant | 321 (10) | 36 (6) | 55 (12) | 0.196 | 21 (6) | 209 (11) | 0.193 |
Data are presented as number (%) or mean±SD. LOF‐clopidogrel patients were those with at least 1 loss‐of‐function allele (ie, *2, *3…) treated with clopidogrel. LOF‐alternative patients were those with at least 1 loss‐of‐function allele (ie, *2, *3…) treated with prasugrel, ticagrelor, or high dose clopidogrel. Non‐LOF patients were those with no loss‐of‐function allele: *1/*1, *1/*17, or *17/*17 genotype. ACE indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2; MI, myocardial infarction; LOF, loss‐of‐function; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PTCA, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; STEMI, ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction; and TIA, transient ischemic attack.
Standardized difference for comparison of primary PCI indication categories (ie, ACS vs stable CAD or other) between groups.
Indicates patients who self‐identify as American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, or more than one race, and patients with unknown race in the electronic health record.