Table 1.
Comparison of Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes of White and Black Patients
|
Total cohort (N=34 596) |
White patients (n=26 640) |
Black patients (n=7956) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (mean±SD), y | 71.3±14.3 | 73.1±13.9 | 65.0±14.0 | <0.01 |
| Sex | <0.01 | |||
| Male | 16 669 | 12 983 (48.7) | 3686 (46.3) | |
| Female | 17 927 | 13 657 (51.3) | 4270 (53.7) | |
| Residential zip code median income <$50 000 | 24 023 | 17 098 (64.2) | 6925 (87.0) | <0.01 |
| Urban residential zip code | 8064 | 4160 (15.6) | 3904 (49.1) | <0.01 |
| Presenting hospital, CSC/TSC | 20 329 | 15 369 (57.7) | 4960 (62.3) | <0.01 |
| Presenting hospital, high‐volume | 30 784 | 23 792 (89.3) | 6992 (87.9) | <0.01 |
| Region | <0.01 | |||
| Midwest | 21 114 | 15 843 (59.5) | 5271 (66.3) | |
| South | 9312 | 8000 (30.0) | 1312 (16.5) | |
| East | 4170 | 2797 (10.5) | 1373 (17.3) | |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Baseline ambulation | <0.01 | |||
| Independent | 31 302 | 24 086 (90.4) | 7216 (90.7) | |
| With assistance | 2169 | 1725 (6.5) | 444 (5.6) | |
| Unable | 1125 | 829 (3.1) | 296 (3.7) | |
| NIHSS, median (IQR) | 3.0 (1.0–8.0) | 3.0 (1.0–7.0) | 3.0 (1.0–8.0) | 0.22 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Treated with mechanical thrombectomy | 1190 (3.4) | 957 (3.6) | 233 (2.9) | <0.01 |
| Early arrival* | 11 475 (33.2) | 9289 (34.9) | 2186 (27.5) | <0.01 |
| Early‐arrival patients with documented aLVO | 1112 (9.7) | 924 (9.9) | 188 (8.6) | 0.06 |
| Early‐arrival patients with documented aLVO treated with mechanical thrombectomy | 726 (65.3) | 602 (65.2) | 124 (66.0) | 0.87 |
aLVO indicates anterior circulation large vessel occlusion; CSC, comprehensive stroke center; IQR, interquartile range; NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; and TSC, thrombectomy‐capable stroke center.
*
Early arrival was defined as hospital presentation within 5 h of “last known well.”