Table 2.

AI MAPSE Is Associated With Outcomes (Composite of HHF or Death [n=335]) More Strongly Than AI GL‐Shortening and Manual GL‐Strain Based on χ² Values in Univariable and Multivariable Cox Regression Models Among 1572 Participants

	Variables	Univariable Cox regression			Multivariable Cox regression*
		χ2	HR (95% CI)	P value	χ2	HR (95% CI)	P value
HHF or death	MAPSE, per mm	255.2*	2.5 (2.2–2.8)	<0.001	52.1*	1.7 (1.5–2.0)	<0.001
	GL‐Shortening, %	197.3	2.1 (1.9–2.4)	<0.001	26.9	1.5 (1.3–1.8)	<0.001
	GL‐Strain, %	191.6	2.1 (1.9–2.3)	<0.001	24.9	1.5 (1.3–1.7)	<0.001
	LVEF, %	146.7	1.8 (1.6–2.0)	<0.001	16.8	1.4 (1.2–1.6)	<0.001
Death	MAPSE, per mm	163.6*	2.3 (2.0–2.6)	<0.001	29.3*	1.6 (1.4–1.9)	<0.001
	GL‐Shortening, %	111.2	1.9 (1.7–2.2)	<0.001	7.7	1.3 (1.1–1.6)	0.0056
	GL‐Strain, %	111.0	1.9 (1.7–2.1)	<0.001	7.1	1.3 (1.1–1.5)	0.0078
	LVEF, %	79.1	1.6 (1.5–1.8)	<0.001	4.7	1.2 (1.0–1.4)	0.0307
HHF	MAPSE, per mm	160.8*	3.1 (2.6–3.7)	<0.001	39.2*	2.1 (1.7–2.7)	<0.001
	GL‐Shortening, %	137.6	2.7 (2.3–3.1)	<0.001	30.5	2.0 (1.6–2.6)	<0.001
	GL‐Strain, %	126.5	2.5 (2.1–2.9)	<0.001	25.6	1.8 (1.4–2.3)	<0.001
	LVEF, %	106.9	2.1 (1.8–2.4)	<0.001	20.1	1.7 (1.3–2.1)	<0.001

GL‐Shortening indicates global longitudinal shortening; GL‐Strain, global longitudinal strain; HHF, hospitalization for heart failure; HR, hazard ratio; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; and MAPSE, mitral annular plane systolic excursion.

*Adjusted for: age, sex, race, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking status, glomerular filtration rate, prior percutaneous intervention, prior coronary bypass surgery, moderate or severe aortic stenosis, moderate or severe mitral regurgitation, myocardial infarction by late gadolinium enhancement, nonischemic scar, extracellular volume fraction, left ventricular mass index, end diastolic volume index, and stratified by hospitalization status.