Table 3.

References for Articles by Pathogen and Chronic Sequelae^a

Pathogens	Chronic sequelae	References
Campylobacter	IBS	Thornley et al. (2001); Dunlop et al. (2003); Borgaonkar et al. (2006); Helms et al. (2006); Spence and Moss-Morris (2007); Saps et al. (2008); Ternhag et al. (2008); Gradel et al. (2009); Marshall et al. (2010); Schwille-Kiuntke et al. (2011); Havelaar et al. (2012); Mangen et al. (2013, 2015); Porter et al. (2013a, 2016); Ford et al. (2014); Gibney et al. (2014); Laine et al. (2014); Nielsen et al. (2014); Newman et al. (2015); Scallan et al. (2015); Van Lier et al. (2016); Sundström (2018) *Smith and Bayles (2007); Spiller (2007a, 2007b); Spiller and Garsed (2009a, 2009b); Kirkpatrick and Tribble (2011); Navaneethan and Giannella (2011); Riddle et al. (2012); Verdu and Riddle (2012); Batz et al. (2013); Walker et al. (2016); Esan et al. (2017); O’Brien, (2017) **Haagsma et al. (2010); Keithlin et al. (2014b); Klem et al. (2017)
	IBD	Mangen et al. (2005, 2015); Helms et al. (2006); Moss-Morris and Spence (2006); Gradel et al. (2009); Lake et al. (2010); Jess et al. (2011); Havelaar et al. (2012) *Kalischuk and Buret (2010); Kirkpatrick and Tribble (2011); Navaneethan and Giannella (2011); Riddle et al. (2012); Verdu and Riddle (2012); Batz et al. (2013); Kaakoush et al. (2014); O’Brien (2017) **Porter et al. (2013c); Castaño-Rodríguez et al. (2017)
	Constipation/functional	Dunlop et al. (2003); Porter et al. (2013a)
	Chronic diarrhea/functional	Dunlop et al. (2003) * Batz et al. (2013)
	Crohn’s disease	Ternhag et al. (2008); Jess et al. (2011); Porter et al. (2016)
	Gastroesophageal reflux disease	Porter et al. (2013a)
	Ulcerative colitis	Ternhag et al. (2008); Gradel et al. (2009); Jess et al. (2011); Porter et al. (2016) *Adams and Bornemann (2013)
	Dyspepsia	Porter et al. (2013a) *Riddle et al. (2012); Batz et al. (2013); Walker et al. (2016); O’Brien (2017)
	Other gastrointestinal	Locht (2002); Rees et al. (2004); Doorduyn et al. (2008); Saps et al. (2008)
	Reactive arthritis	Havelaar et al. (2000, 2012); Hannu et al. (2002, 2004); Soderlin et al. (2003); Mangen et al. (2005, 2013, 2015); Helms et al. (2006); Doorduyn et al. (2008); Ternhag et al. (2008); Townes et al. (2008); Lake et al. (2010); Schoenberg-Norio et al. (2010); Uotila et al. (2011); Porter et al. (2013b, 2016); Ford et al. (2014); Gibney et al. (2014); Scallan et al. (2015); Sundström, (2018) *Sieper (2001); Pasternack (2002); Leirisalo-Repo et al. (2003); Crushell et al. (2004); Leirisalo-Repo (2005); Pope et al. (2007); Rohekar and Pope (2009); Townes (2010); Hannu, (2011); Kirkpatrick and Tribble, (2011); Batz et al. (2013); Connor and Riddle, (2013); Giddings et al. (2016); Esan et al. (2017); O’Brien, (2017) **Ajene et al. (2013); Keithlin et al. (2014b)
	Reiter’s syndrome	Schoenberg-Norio et al. (2010) * Crushell et al. (2004)
	Joint pain	Schiellerup et al. (2008); Uotila et al. (2014)
	Other joint outcomes	Locht, (2002); Soderlin et al. (2003); Zia et al. (2003); Rees et al. (2004); Doorduyn et al. (2008); Ternhag et al. (2008); Schoenberg-Norio et al. (2010); Laine et al. (2014); Uotila et al. (2014)
	Othera	Scott et al. (2000); Thornley et al. (2001); Mangen et al. (2005, 2013); Garg et al. (2006); Helms et al. (2006); Ternhag et al. (2008); Pierce and Kirkpatrick, (2009); Lake et al. (2010); Marshall et al. (2010); Navaneethan and Giannella, (2011); Havelaar et al. (2012); Hoffmann et al. (2012, 2015); Scharff, (2012); Batz et al. (2013); Ford et al. (2014); Gibney et al. (2014); Laine et al. (2014); Porter et al. (2016); Esan et al. (2017); O’Brien (2017) *Pasternack (2002); Crushell et al. (2004); Kirkpatrick and Tribble (2011); Connor et al. (2012); Batz et al. (2013); Connor and Riddle (2013); Ford et al. (2014); Giddings et al. (2016); Barrett and Fhogartaigh (2017); Esan et al. (2017); O’Brien, (2017) **Haagsma et al. (2010); Keithlin et al. (2014b); Klem et al. (2017)
Salmonella	IBS	Mearin et al. (2005); Borgaonkar et al. (2006); Helms et al. (2006); Saps et al. (2008); Ternhag et al. (2008); Gradel et al. (2009); Schwille-Kiuntke et al. (2011); Havelaar et al. (2012); Koh et al. (2012); Mangen et al. (2013, 2015); Porter et al. (2013a, 2016); Cremon et al. (2014); Ford et al. (2014); Gibney et al. (2014); Plass et al. (2014); Scallan et al. (2015); Sundström (2018) *Smith and Bayles (2007); Spiller (2007a, 2007b); Spiller and Garsed (2009a, 2009b); Verdu and Riddle (2012); Batz et al. (2013); Walker et al. (2016); Esan et al. (2017) **Haagsma et al. (2010); Keithlin et al. (2015); Klem et al. (2017)
	IBD	Urfer et al. (2000); Helms et al. (2006); Gradel et al. (2009); Lake et al. (2010); Jess et al. (2011); Havelaar et al. (2012); Mangen et al. (2015) *Kalischuk and Buret (2010); Navaneethan and Giannella (2011); Verdu and Riddle (2012); Batz et al. (2013)
	Constipation/functional	Porter et al. (2013a)
	Chronic diarrhea/functional	* Batz et al. (2013)
	Crohn’s	Ternhag et al. (2008); Jess et al. (2011); Alvarez-Lobos et al. (2013); Porter et al. (2016)
	Gastroesophageal reflux disease	Porter et al. (2013a)
	Ulcerative colitis	Ternhag et al. (2008); Gradel et al. (2009); Jess et al. (2011); Porter et al. (2016) *Adams and Bornemann (2013)
	Dyspepsia	Mearin et al. (2005); Saps et al. (2008); Porter et al. (2013a, 2016); Cremon et al. (2014) *Batz et al. (2013); Walker et al. (2016)
	Other gastrointestinal	Rees et al. (2004); Saps et al. (2008)
	Reactive arthritis	Ekman et al. (2000); McColl et al. (2000); Urfer et al. (2000); Dworkin et al. (2001); Rudwaleit et al. (2001); Buxton et al. (2002); Hannu (2002); Locht et al. (2002); Sinha et al. (2003); Soderlin et al. (2003); Lee et al. (2005); Helms et al. (2006); Doorduyn et al. (2008); Rohekar et al. (2008); Ternhag et al. (2008); Townes et al. (2008); Kaarela et al. (2009); Arnedo-Pena et al. (2010); Lake et al. (2010); Uotila et al. (2011); Havelaar et al. (2012); Mangen et al. (2013, 2015); Tuompo et al. (2013); Ford et al. (2014); Gibney et al. (2014); Plass et al. (2014); Scallan et al. (2015); Porter et al. (2016); Andreasen et al. (2017); Sundström, (2018) *Rudwaleit et al. (2001); Leirisalo-Repo et al. (2003); Leirisalo-Repo (2005); Wilson and Whitehead (2006); Pope et al. (2007); Rohekar and Pope (2009); Townes (2010); Hannu (2011); Batz et al. (2013); Connor and Riddle (2013); Giddings et al. (2016); Esan et al. (2017) **Ajene et al. (2013); Keithlin et al. (2015)
	Reiter’s syndrome	Dworkin et al. (2001) *Townes (2010); Esan et al. (2017)
	Joint pain	Ekman et al. (2000); McColl et al. (2000); Rudwaleit et al. (2001); Wang et al. (2003); Rohekar et al. (2008); Schiellerup et al. (2008); Arnedo-Pena et al. (2010); Ailes et al. (2013)
	Other joint outcomes	Ekman et al. (2000); McColl et al. (2000); Buxton et al. (2002); Sinha et al. (2003); Soderlin et al. (2003); Wang et al. (2003); Rees et al. (2004); Ternhag et al. (2008); Kaarela et al. (2009); Arnedo-Pena et al. (2010); Tuompo et al. (2013); Andreasen et al. (2017)
	Othera	Scott et al. (2000); Rees et al. (2004); Doorduyn et al. (2008); Saps et al. (2008); Schiellerup et al. (2008); Lake et al. (2010); Hoffmann et al. (2012, 2015); Ailes et al. (2013); Ford et al. (2014); McLinden et al. (2014); Mangen et al. (2015); Scallan et al. (2015); Porter et al. (2016); Sundström, (2018) *Connor et al. (2012); Giddings et al. (2016); Barrett and Fhogartaigh (2017)
Escherichia coli	IBS	Helms et al. (2006); Thabane et al. (2010); Ford et al. (2014); Sockett et al. (2014); Andresen et al. (2016); Porter et al. (2016); Sandström (2018) *Smith and Bayles (2007); Spiller and Garsed (2009a); Batz et al. (2013); Walker et al. (2016) **Klem et al. (2017)
	IBD	Helms et al. (2006); Petersen et al. (2009) *Kalischuk and Buret (2010); Batz et al. (2013) **Petersen et al. (2015)
	Constipation/functional	Riegel et al. (2015)
	Chronic diarrhea/functional	Riegel et al. (2015)
	Crohn’s disease Gastroesophageal reflux disease	** Petersen et al. (2015)
	Ulcerative colitis	Ternhag et al. (2008) **Petersen et al. (2015)
	Dyspepsia	Sockett et al. (2014) *Batz et al. (2013)
	Other gastrointestinal	Roberts et al. (2000); Locht (2002); Garg et al. (2006); Riegel et al. (2015)
	Reactive arthritis	Garg et al. (2006); Helms et al. (2006); Townes et al. (2008); Sockett et al. (2014); Andreasen et al. (2017); Sundström, (2018) *Pope et al. (2007); Rohekar and Pope (2009); Hannu (2011); Batz et al. (2013); Giddings et al. (2016)
	Reiter’s syndrome Joint pain	Schiellerup et al. (2008); Riegel et al. (2015)
	Other joint outcomes	Locht, (2002); Rees et al. (2004); Ternhag et al. (2008); Riegel et al. (2015); Andreasen et al. (2017)
	Othera	Roberts et al. (2000); Scott et al. (2000); Locht (2002); Garg et al. (2006); Ternhag et al. (2008); Hoffmann et al. (2012, 2015); Mangen et al. (2015); Riegel et al. (2015); Porter et al. (2016); Sundström (2018) *Connor et al. (2012); Connor and Riddle, (2013); Keithlin et al. (2014a); Giddings et al. (2016); Barrett and Fhogartaigh (2017)
Shigella	IBS	Wang et al. (2004); Ji et al. (2005); Helms et al. (2006); Saps et al. (2008); Huang et al. (2012); Koh et al. (2012); Porter et al. (2013a, 2016); Ford et al. (2014); Youn et al. (2016); Sundström (2018) *Smith and Bayles (2007); Spiller (2007a, 2007b); Spiller and Garsed (2009a, 2009b); Verdu and Riddle (2012); Batz et al. (2013); Giddings et al. (2016); Walker et al. (2016) **Haagsma et al. (2010); Klem et al. (2017)
	IBD	Helms et al. (2006) * Batz et al. (2013)
	Constipation/functional	Porter et al. (2013a)
	Chronic diarrhea/functional
	Crohn’s disease	Ternhag et al. (2008); Porter et al. (2016)
	Gastroesophageal reflux disease	Porter et al. (2013a)
	Ulcerative colitis	Porter et al. (2016)
	Dyspepsia	Porter et al. (2013a) *Batz et al. (2013)
	Other gastrointestinal	Rees et al. (2004); Wang et al. (2004); Saps et al. (2008)
	Reactive arthritis	Hannu et al. (2005); Helms et al. (2006); Ternhag et al. (2008); Townes et al. (2008); Martin et al. (2012); Porter et al. (2013b, 2016); Ford et al. (2014); Sundström (2018) *Sieper (2001); Leirisalo-Repo et al. (2003); Leirisalo-Repo (2005); Rohekar and Pope (2009); Townes (2010); Hannu (2011); Batz et al. (2013); Connor and Riddle (2013); Giddings et al. (2016) **Ajene et al. (2013)
	Reiter’s syndrome	* Townes (2010)
	Joint pain	Hannu et al. (2005); Schiellerup et al. (2008)
	Other joint outcomes	Rees et al. (2004); Ternhag et al. (2008)
	Othera	Scott et al. (2000); Rees et al. (2004); Wang et al. (2004); Saps et al. (2008); Schiellerup et al. (2008); Hoffmann et al. (2012); Ford et al. (2014); Porter et al. (2016); Sundström, (2018) *Connor et al. (2012); Giddings et al. (2016); Barrett and Fhogartaigh (2017)
Listeria	IBS
	IBD
	Constipation/functional
	Chronic diarrhea/functional
	Crohn’s disease
	Gastroesophageal reflux disease
	Ulcerative colitis
	Dyspepsia
	Other gastrointestinal
	Reactive arthritis
	Reiter’s syndrome
	Joint pain
	Other joint outcomes
	Othera	Scott et al. (2000); Hoffmann et al. (2012, 2015); Mangen et al. (2015)
Yersinia	IBS	Helms et al. (2006); Ternhag et al. (2008); Porter et al. (2013a, 2016); Sundström (2018)
	IBD	Helms et al. (2006) *Kalischuk and Buret (2010); Batz et al. (2013)
	Constipation/functional
	Chronic diarrhea/functional	* Batz et al. (2013)
	Crohn’s Gastroesophageal reflux disease	Ternhag et al. (2008)
	Ulcerative colitis	Ternhag et al. (2008)
	Dyspepsia
	Other gastrointestinal	Rees et al. (2004)
	Reactive arthritis	Hannu et al. (2003); Borgaonkar et al. (2006); Townes et al. (2008); Lake et al. (2010); Uotila et al. (2011); Porter et al. (2013b); Nielsen et al. (2014) *Sieper (2001); Leirisalo-Repo et al. (2003); Leirisalo-Repo (2005); Pope et al. (2007); Rohekar and Pope (2009); Townes (2010); Hannu (2011); Batz et al. (2013); Connor and Riddle (2013) **Klem et al. (2017)
	Reiter’s syndrome	* Townes (2010)
	Joint pain	Schiellerup et al. (2008); Rosner et al. (2013)
	Other joint outcomes	Soderlin et al. (2003); Ternhag et al. (2008)
	Othera	Scott et al. (2000); Rees et al. (2004); Schiellerup et al. (2008); Lake et al. (2010); Hoffmann et al. (2012); Rosner et al. (2013) *Connor and Riddle (2013); Ford et al. (2014)
Norovirus	IBS	Porter et al. (2012, 2016); Zanini et al. (2012); Laine et al. (2014) *Spiller and Garsed (2009b); Batz et al. (2013) **Klem et al. (2017)
	IBD	Masclee et al. (2013) * Kalischuk and Buret (2010)
	Constipation/functional	Porter et al. (2012); Zanini et al. (2012)
	Chronic diarrhea/functional	Zanini et al. (2012)
	Crohn’s disease	Masclee et al. (2013)
	Gastroesophagea reflux disease	Porter et al. (2012)
	Ulcerative colitis	Masclee et al. (2013); Porter et al. (2016)
	Dyspepsia	Porter et al. (2012, 2016)
	Other gastrointestinal	Zanini et al. (2012)
	Reactive arthritis
	Reiter’s syndrome
	Joint pain
	Other joint outcomes	Laine et al. (2014)
	Othera	*Connor et al. (2012); Connor and Riddle (2013); Giddings et al. (2016)
Giardia	IBS	Borgaonkar et al. (2006); Dizdar et al. (2007); Hanevik et al. (2009, 2014); Wensaas et al. (2012); Mangen et al. (2015); Dormond et al. (2016); Nakao et al. (2017) *Pierce and Kirkpatrick (2009); Spiller and Garsed (2009a, 2009b); Robertson et al. (2010); Batz et al. (2013); Custodio (2016) **Klem et al. (2017)
	IBD	Mangen et al. (2015) *Kalischuk and Buret (2010); Batz et al. (2013)
	Constipation/functional	Hanevik et al. (2007); Dormond et al. (2016)
	Chronic diarrhea/functional	Hanevik et al. (2007) * Batz et al. (2013)
	Crohn’s disease	Dizdar et al. (2007)
	Gastroesophageal reflux disease	Dormond et al. (2016)
	Ulcerative colitis
	Dyspepsia	Dizdar et al. (2007); Hanevik et al. (2009); Dormond et al. (2016) *Walker et al. (2016)
	Other gastrointestinal	Nakao et al. (2017)
	Reactive arthritis	Uotila et al. (2011); Mangen et al. (2015); Painter et al. (2017) *Pope et al. (2007); Batz et al. (2013); Custodio (2016)
	Reiter’s syndrome
	Joint pain
	Other joint outcomes
	Othera	Hoffmann et al. (2012, 2015); Mangen et al. (2015) *Giddings et al. (2016)
Cryptosporidium	IBS
	IBD
	Constipation/functional
	Chronic diarrhea/functional	Rehn et al. (2015) * Batz et al. (2013)
	Crohn’s Gastroesophageal reflux disease
	Ulcerative colitis	Banerjee et al. (2009)
	Dyspepsia
	Other gastrointestinal
	Reactive arthritis	* Batz et al. (2013)
	Reiter’s syndrome
	Joint pain	Hunter et al. (2004); Rehn et al. (2015)
	Other joint outcomes
	Othera	Hunter et al. (2004); Rees et al. (2004); Hoffmann et al. (2012) *Giddings et al. (2016)
Othera	IBS	Neal et al. (2002); Okhuysen et al. (2004); Borgaonkar et al. (2006); Stermer et al. (2006); Nyrop et al. (2007); Ruigómez et al. (2007); Törnblom et al. (2007); Tuteja et al. (2008); Pitzurra et al. (2011); Porter et al. (2011a, 2011b); Trivedi et al. (2011); Nair et al. (2014); Lalani et al. (2015); Mangen et al. (2015); Pensabene et al. (2015); Schwille-Kiuntke et al. (2015); Löwe et al. (2016); Parry et al. (2003) *Connor and Riddle (2013) **Halvorson et al. (2006); Thabane et al. (2007); Futagami et al. (2015); Klem et al. (2017)
	IBD	Rodríguez et al. (2006); Porter et al. (2008); Masclee et al. (2013); Mangen et al. (2015) **Castaño-Rodríguez et al. (2017)
	Constipation/functional	Nyrop et al. (2007); Tuteja et al. (2008);Porter et al. (2011a,2011b);Trivedi et al. (2011)
	Chronic diarrhea/functional	Nyrop et al. (2007); Tuteja et al. (2008); Porter et al. (2011a, 2011b);Trivedi et al. (2011)
	Crohn’s disease	Rodríguez et al. (2006); Porter et al. (2008); Masclee et al. (2013)
	Gastroesophageal reflux disease
	Ulcerative colitis	Rodríguez et al. (2006); Porter et al. (2008); Banerjee et al. (2009); Masclee et al. (2013)
	Dyspepsia	Tuteja et al. (2008); Ford et al. (2010); Porter et al. (2011a, 2011b); Trivedi et al. (2011); Pensabene et al. (2015) **Futagami et al. (2015)
	Other gastrointestinal
	Reactive arthritis	Soderlin et al. (2003); Kaarela et al. (2009); Curry et al. (2010); Mangen et al. (2015)
	Reiter’s syndrome	Curry et al. (2010)
	Joint pain
	Other joint outcomes	Soderlin et al. (2003); Kaarela et al. (2009)
	Othera	Nyrop et al. (2007); Hoffmann et al. (2012, 2015); Mangen et al. (2015) Parry et al. (2003)

^aSee Appendix 2 for description of “other”.

^*Review articles.

^**Systematic review and meta-analyses.

IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome.