Table 2.
Descriptive statistics and correlations among study variables.
| Variables | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Gender | 0.33 | 0.47 | – | |||||||
| 2. Job position | 0.28 | 0.20 | 0.043 | – | ||||||
| 3. Length of employment | 5.77 | 7.83 | −0.132 | 0.275*** | – | |||||
| 4. Tenure working with supervisions | 2.51 | 3.62 | −0.056 | 0.237*** | 0.569*** | – | ||||
| 5. Negative emotion | 2.34 | 0.91 | −0.206** | 0.109 | 0.136 | 144 | (0.920) | |||
| 6. Abusive supervision | 1.51 | 0.59 | −0.113 | 0.059 | 0.168* | 0.153* | 0.312*** | (0.890) | ||
| 7. Job performance | 3.26 | 1.02 | −0.127 | 0.320*** | 0.170* | 0.309*** | −0.160* | 0.037 | (0.846) | |
| 8. Innovation behavior | 3.62 | 0.40 | 0.084 | 0.219** | 0.059 | 0.034 | 0.102 | −0.056 | 0.181* | (0.884) |
n = 276; *p < 0.050, **p < 0.010, ***p < 0.001. M = Mean, SD = Standard deviation; Gender: male = 1, female = 0; Job position: leader = 1, employee = 0.