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. 2022 Jul 1;132(13):e142548. doi: 10.1172/JCI142548

Figure 1. Histological analysis of atrial tissue.

Figure 1

(A) Atrial appendage morphology and trichrome staining showed greater collagen (blue) deposition in endocardial tissue from patients with AF than in tissue from patients with SR. Scale bars: 100 μm. Original magnification: 500 μm. Plot shows quantitative analysis of endocardial fibrotic tissue thickness (n = 4). Immunohistochemical analysis of (B) SMA and CD31 and (C) Twist, (D) Snail, (E) Slug, (F) vimentin and CD31 in the endocardium layer. Scale bars: 50 μm. Quantitation of EndMT marker (CD31) expression in the endocardium (n = 8 per group). All data are presented as the mean ± SEM. (A–F) *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 versus SR, by 2-tailed Student’s t test.