Table 2. Clinical parameters before and after synbiotic supplementation in the non-responders and responders.
| Baseline | 24 weeks | change | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (male/female) | Non-responders | 21 (15/6) | ||
| Responders | 23 (16/7) | |||
| Age (years) | Non-responders | 59.8 ± 8.9 | ||
| Responders | 62.2 ± 13.1 | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | Non-responders | 28.1 ± 2.2 | 27.8 ± 2.0 | −0.25 ± 0.79 |
| Responders | 30.8 ± 5.5* | 31.0 ± 5.6* | 0.16 ± 0.56 | |
| HbA1c (%) | Non-responders | 7.3 ± 0.7 | 7.3 ± 0.6 | 0.0 ± 0.6 |
| Responders | 7.4 ± 0.8 | 7.8 ± 1.3 | 0.4 ± 0.9 | |
| C-peptide (ng/mL) | Non-responders | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 1.9 ± 1.2 | −0.1 ± 0.6 |
| Responders | 2.6 ± 1.2 | 2.8 ± 1.6 | 0.3 ± 1.1 | |
| T-CHO (mg/dL) | Non-responders | 195.7 ± 31.8 | 190.3 ± 29.7 | −5.4 ± 23.5 |
| Responders | 182.3 ± 35.5 | 188.8 ± 34.2 | 6.4 ± 26.8 | |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | Non-responders | 52.7 ± 10.2 | 50.8 ± 9.6 | −1.9 ± 6.4 |
| Responders | 49.0 ± 9.0 | 49.1 ± 9.6 | 0.1 ± 4.4 | |
| TG (mg/dL) | Non-responders | 146.2 ± 85.2 | 185.2 ± 150.4 | 39.0 ± 104.7 |
| Responders | 137.3 ± 57.5 | 178.3 ± 117.1 | 40.9 ± 87.1 | |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | Non-responders | 75.1 ± 18.4 | 75.4 ± 23.7 | 0.3 ± 8.7 |
| Responders | 81.1 ± 26.4 | 83.6 ± 24.3 | 2.5 ± 12.3 | |
| Hs-CRP (ng/mL) | Non-responders | 1,780.8 ± 4,393.3 | 1,407.4 ± 1,755.8 | −373.4 ± 3,816.8 |
| Responders | 2,983.8 ± 6,728.4 | 1,772.0 ± 2,146.4 | −1,211.8 ± 6,736.1 | |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | Non-responders | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 0.7 |
| Responders | 3.5 ± 2.5** | 2.3 ± 1.4 | −1.3 ± 1.8** | |
| LBP (μg/mL) | Non-responders | 5.4 ± 2.3 | 8.8 ± 2.9 | 3.4 ± 2.8 |
| Responders | 7.3 ± 5.3 | 7.9 ± 2.9 | 0.6 ± 4.8* |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Change is expressed as the value measured at 24 weeks minus the baseline value. *p<005, **p<0.01 vs. Non-responders.
BMI: Body mass index; T-CHO: Total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; Hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6: interleukin-6; LBP: lipopolysaccharide-binding protein.