Table 3. A fixed-effects logistic regression model quantifying the association between clusters and low pathogenicity avian influenza virus positivity.

Explanatory variable	Samples	LPAIV positive	Coefficient (SEM)	z	P-value	OR (95% CI)
Intercept	939	11	−3.04 (0.73)
Knowledge
Mixed knowledge	100	1	Ref	Ref	Ref	1.0
Correct knowledge	839	10	−2.15 (1.07)	−2.00	0.04	0.1 (0.0‒0.6)a
Attitude
Report AI but disagree with policy	79	2	Ref	Ref	Ref	1.0
Report AI and agree with policy	770	1	−3.58 (1.24)	−2.89	<0.01	0.0 (0.0‒0.3)
Report AI no	90	8	1.26 (0.82)	1.55	0.12	3.5 (0.8‒24.2)

LPAIV: low pathogenicity avian influenza virus, SEM: standard error of the mean, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, Ref: reference, AI: avian influenza. ^a Interpretation: In the knowledge category, the odds of a birds being LPAIV positive if it was from a farm in ‘Correct knowledge’ cluster was 0.1 (95% CI: 0.0‒0.6) times the odds of a birds from a farm in ‘Mixed knowledge’ cluster being LPAIV positive.