Table 4. A mixed-effects logistic regression model quantifying the association between clusters and low pathogenicity avian influenza virus positivity.
| Explanatory variable | Samples | LPAIV positive | Coefficient (SEM) | z | P-value | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | 939 | 11 | −3.48 (1.63) | |||
| Knowledge | ||||||
| Mixed knowledge | 100 | 1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | 1.0 |
| Correct knowledge | 839 | 10 | −1.67 (2.11) | −0.79 | 0.42 | 0.2 (0.0‒11.8)a |
| Attitude | ||||||
| Report AI but disagree with policy | 79 | 2 | Ref | Ref | Ref | 1.0 |
| Report AI and agree with policy | 770 | 1 | −3.61 (2.08) | −1.74 | 0.08 | 0.0 (0.0‒1.6) |
| Report AI no | 90 | 8 | 0.28 (2.07) | 0.14 | 0.89 | 1.3 (0.0‒76.1) |
| Random effects | Variance | SEM | ||||
| Individual farm | 7.34 | 2.71 |
LPAIV: low pathogenicity avian influenza virus, SEM: standard error of mean, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, Ref: reference, AI: avian influenza. a Interpretation: After adjusting for the effect of respondent knowledge category and attitude category the odds of a bird being LPAIV positive if it was from a ‘Correct knowledge’ cluster was 0.2 (95% CI: 0.0‒11.8) times the odds of a bird from a ‘Mixed knowledge’ cluster being LPAIV positive.