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. 2022 Jun 20;7(7):986–1000. doi: 10.1038/s41564-022-01152-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a, The de novo sphingolipid synthesis metabolic pathway in relation to inositol lipid synthesis, with BT enzymes investigated in this study (bolded black) and representative lipid structures, with chain length and branching reflecting predominant structures determined by fatty acid methyl ester analysis (see Supplementary Information, Supplementary Figs. 1 and 2, and Table 6). Branching patterns of dihydroceramide-based lipids are predicted and not confirmed. Sphingolipid structures are named in purple and shown on a light blue background; glycerophospholipid structures are named in green on a grey background. Inositol lipids are outlined with a dashed line box. SPT, serine palmitoyltransferase. b, The genomic region of BT inositol and inositol lipid synthesis, with chromosomal numbering (shown in reverse orientation). Gene colour (blue or red) indicates membership in a predicted operon by BioCyc. Annotations are of the enzyme functions elucidated in this study (due to the lack of a lipid phenotype in its knockout strain, BT_1524 remains hypothetical). Substrates and products for the sphingolipid portion of a are not listed, as these reactions (beyond SPT) have not been characterized in the Bacteroidetes.