Table 2.
Effect of WSWPE on clinical chemistry parameters in rats.
| Parameter | 28 days treatment (mg/kg/day) | 14 days recovery (mg/kg/day) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G1 (0) | G2 (100) | G3 (300) | G4 (1000) | G1R (0) | G4R (1000) | |
| Males | ||||||
| GPT (U/L) | 84.90 ± 10.27 | 83.97 ± 10.85 | 81.50 ± 22.56 | 73.23 ± 12.32 | 55.09 ± 11.81 | 45.90 ± 12.02 |
| GOT (U/L) | 124.24 ± 23.08 | 108.27 ± 22.59 | 97.43 ± 10.77 | 124.24 ± 23.08 | 108.27 ± 22.59 | 97.43 ± 10.77 |
| BUL (mg/dL) | 34.42 ± 7.75 | 37.48 ± 5.44 | 38.05 ± 8.93 | 36.44 ± 7.04 | 33.32 ± 3.99 | 29.75 ± 4.00 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 16.08 ± 3.62 | 17.51 ± 2.54 | 17.78 ± 4.17 | 17.03 ± 3.29 | 15.57 ± 1.86 | 13.90 ± 1.87 |
| CREAT (mg/dL) | 0.83 ± 0.29 | 0.57 ± 0.14 | 0.57 ± 0.18 | 0.59 ± 0.11 | 0.86 ± 0.07 | 0.82 ± 0.05 |
| GLU (mg/dL) | 118.48 ± 28.02 | 133.10 ± 27.56 | 107.94 ± 9.65 | 116.54 ± 20.68 | 93.59 ± 12.04 | 93.26 ± 13.87 |
| CHOLE (mg/dL) | 61.50 ± 9.26 | 77.44 ± 8.93* | 67.53 ± 3.43 | 75.98 ± 10.19* | 65.05 ± 12.42 | 69.86 ± 23.34 |
| PRO (g/dL) | 7.22 ± 0.44 | 7.57 ± 0.41 | 6.46 ± 0.55 | 7.94 ± 0.70 | 5.81 ± 1.11 | 6.26 ± 0.30 |
| ALB (g/dL) | 2.62 ± 0.13 | 2.57 ± 0.26 | 2.31 ± 0.21 | 2.65 ± 0.27 | 2.26 ± 0.25 | 2.15 ± 0.27 |
| PAR | 2.76 ± 0.29 | 2.97 ± 0.40 | 2.82 ± 0.38 | 3.04 ± 0.49 | 2.59 ± 0.60 | 2.94 ± 0.32 |
| ALP (U/L) | 203.50 ± 52.27 | 144.32 ± 52.38 | 180.38 ± 54.86 | 197.95 ± 65.11 | 118.60 ± 12.16 | 157.00 ± 33.82# |
| BILT (mg/dL) | 0.21 ± 0.08 | 0.27 ± 0.07 | 0.30 ± 0.03 | 0.35 ± 0.03* | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 0.28 ± 0.15 |
| Na+ (mmol/L) | 140.92 ± 1.01 | 140.52 ± 1.09 | 144.62 ± 2.17* | 140.80 ± 1.22 | 136.36 ± 1.49 | 134.66 ± 0.96 |
| K+ (mmol/L) | 7.64 ± 0.97 | 7.40 ± 0.95 | 6.59 ± 0.97 | 7.94 ± 1.46 | 12.90 ± 1.10 | 12.13 ± 0.76 |
| Cl− (mmol/L) | 100.76 ± 1.11 | 100.26 ± 0.87 | 103.24 ± 1.85 | 100.76 ± 2.08 | 100.82 ± 4.25 | 97.16 ± 1.72 |
| Females | ||||||
| GPT (U/L) | 84.15 ± 20.44 | 70.12 ± 6.39 | 80.76 ± 6.84 | 91.48 ± 25.73 | 52.26 ± 7.53 | 43.28 ± 4.97 |
| GOT (U/L) | 149.50 ± 20.35 | 122.12 ± 16.05 | 152.88 ± 31.40 | 127.37 ± 24.10 | 100.97 ± 7.01 | 111.65 ± 18.31 |
| BUL (mg/dL) | 36.44 ± 3.57 | 29.35 ± 5.51 | 34.71 ± 6.58 | 30.04 ± 1.45 | 30.79 ± 4.26 | 28.71 ± 3.94 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 17.03 ± 1.67 | 13.71 ± 2.57 | 16.22 ± 3.07 | 14.04 ± 0.68 | 14.39 ± 1.99 | 13.41 ± 1.84 |
| CREAT (mg/dL) | 0.67 ± 0.10 | 0.73 ± 0.13 | 0.63 ± 0.07 | 0.65 ± 0.14 | 0.75 ± 0.06 | 0.81 ± 0.08 |
| GLU (mg/dL) | 97.65 ± 13.94 | 102.67 ± 35.28 | 127.22 ± 37.61 | 106.87 ± 29.64 | 88.80 ± 20.97 | 89.45 ± 15.14 |
| CHOLE (mg/dL) | 67.04 ± 7.36 | 66.09 ± 19.24 | 70.82 ± 16.48 | 77.28 ± 11.88 | 72.32 ± 15.69 | 63.91 ± 14.43 |
| PRO (g/dL) | 7.31 ± 0.61 | 7.70 ± 0.60 | 7.21 ± 1.05 | 7.58 ± 0.35 | 5.47 ± 0.65 | 6.00 ± 0.52 |
| ALB (g/dL) | 2.77 ± 0.33 | 2.72 ± 0.28 | 2.84 ± 0.22 | 2.74 ± 0.15 | 2.34 ± 0.24 | 2.24 ± 0.09 |
| PAR | 2.67 ± 0.40 | 2.86 ± 0.42 | 2.55 ± 0.43 | 2.78 ± 0.27 | 2.36 ± 0.45 | 2.68 ± 0.30 |
| ALP (U/L) | 147.42 ± 42.82 | 178.02 ± 46.62 | 204.08 ± 41.26 | 157.76 ± 36.77 | 147.40 ± 51.00 | 149.20 ± 35.09 |
| BILT (mg/dL) | 0.23 ± 0.08 | 0.30 ± 0.03 | 0.36 ± 0.02* | 0.23 ± 0.07 | 0.16 ± 0.07 | 0.27 ± 0.11 |
| Na+ (mmol/L) | 140.04 ± 1.17 | 140.72 ± 1.92 | 139.80 ± 2.35 | 139.86 ± 1.54 | 137.18 ± 0.89 | 134.92 ± 1.43# |
| K+ (mmol/L) | 7.46 ± 1.00 | 6.95 ± 0.95 | 8.25 ± 2.79 | 8.55 ± 1.91 | 12.66 ± 1.37 | 12.74 ± 0.54 |
| Cl− (mmol/L) | 102.78 ± 1.06 | 102.34 ± 0.71 | 102.84 ± 2.32 | 102.78 ± 0.58 | 100.78 ± 1.46 | 100.34 ± 3.08 |
Data is presented as Mean ± Standard Deviation (n = 5 animals per group per sex). *p < 0.05 vs. G1 (One-Way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post-hoc multiple comparison test), #p < 0.05 vs. G1R (Student’s t test).
GPT, glutamate pyruvate transaminase; GOT, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase; BUL, blood urea level; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CREAT, creatinine; GLU, glucose; CHOLE, total cholesterol; PRO, total protein; ALB, albumin; PAR, protein albumin ration; BILT, total bilirubin.