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. 2022 Jun 30;12:10845. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13875-x

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© The Author(s) 2022, corrected publication 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Within-arm analyses for the four different arms at 6-weeks and at 12-weeks. (a) The mean difference in THI or TFI score across participants for each arm from baseline to 6-week assessment are plotted with the ± 95% CI. Within-arm analyses were based on a per-protocol analysis that included treatment-compliant participants (≥ 18 h treatment at 6-weeks) with baseline and 6-week scores (note that the baseline score corresponds to the average of the scores at screening and enrollment visits). Within-arm analyses for all arms, except for arm 3 for THI and arm 4 for TFI, showed a statistically significant reduction in THI or TFI score (i.e., improvement in tinnitus symptom severity) based on paired two-tailed t-tests (P < 0.05; 95% CI does not overlap the vertical line at zero). Cohen’s d effect size and 95% CI are also listed for each arm for THI and TFI. Parameter settings (see Supplementary Table S1 for details): arm 1—PS1 (synchronized bimodal stimulation, includes pure tones and background noise stimuli); arm 2—PS6 (includes only pure tones with no background noise stimuli and with varied interstimulus delays in the range of 700–800 ms); arm 3—PS7 (same as PS6 except four tones presented simultaneously over a larger frequency range); arm 4—PS9 (same sound stimuli as in PS6 but no tongue stimulation). (b) Similar to (a) except data is presented from baseline to 12-week assessment for treatment-compliant participants (≥ 36 h treatment at 12-weeks). Parameter settings (see Supplementary Table S1 for details): arm 1—PS1 changed to PS4 (includes pure tones and background noise stimuli and with varied interstimulus delays in the range of 0–30 ms); arm 2—PS6 changed to PS10 (includes only wideband noise stimuli without pure tones and with varied interstimulus delays in the range of 0–30 ms); arm 3—PS7 changed to PS4 (includes pure tones and background noise stimuli and with varied interstimulus delays in the range of 0–30 ms); arm 4—PS9 changed to PS6 (same sound stimuli as PS9 with addition of tongue stimulation).