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. 2022 Jun 30;12:10466. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14297-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Loss of cGAS-STING signaling attenuated T + NK cell infiltration toward cancer cells and subsequent cytotoxicity. (a) A scheme of transwell chamber for fibroblast-immune-cancer cells co-culture, depicted using BioRender. The labeled compartments on the chamber scheme are corresponded to the analyzed samples of each following figure. (b) Expression of Meflin and TIMP-1 in CAFs following co-culture with cGAS^WT BxPC-3 or cGAS^KO BxPC-3. (c) Immune cell infiltration assay in co-culture system of cGAS^WT or cGAS^KO BxPC-3 cells with CAFs and T + NK cells. (d) Cell viability assay in co-culture system of cGAS^WT or cGAS^KO BxPC-3 cells with CAFs and T + NK cells. The bar graph represents mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) for at least three independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test. *p < 0.1, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. ns non-significant. This figure was created using GraphPad Prism 9.3.0 (https://www.graphpad.com/scientific-software/prism/).