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. 2022 Jun 30;13(6):574. doi: 10.1038/s41419-022-05024-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — A Cellular ATP in SV and shGal-1 stable cells in GSC20 and GSC33 cell lines. B DCFDA staining was used to determine ROS levels in SV and shGal-1 treatments in both GSC20 and GSC33. C BrdU assay to verify the cell viability in both SV and shGal-1 cells. D Limiting dilution assays to study the GSC proliferation in SV and shGal-1-treated GSC20 and GSC33 cells. Each result is representative of three independent experiments. E Immunoblot analysis of different glycolytic enzymes in SV and shGal-1-stable cells of GSC33 and GSC20. F GSC20 and GSC33 were analyzed for Annexin V/APC and PI-induced apoptosis following manipulation of shGal-1. Dot plots (Red dots) and bar graphs represent the percentage of healthy, necrotic, early apoptotic, and late apoptotic cells in GSC20 and GSC33 cells. These data were compared with those in the control group. G Human apoptosis signaling pathway array (Ray Biotech AAH-APOSIG), to verify the induction of apoptosis in the shGal-1-stable cells when compared to the SV in GSC20. H Immunoblot analysis of various apoptosis markers in shGal-1-stable cells.