TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics before and after propensity score matching.
| Before matching |
After matching |
|||||
| CHF | Non-CHF | SD (100%) | CHF | Non-CHF | SD (100%) | |
| Participants | 1,413 | 67,619 | 1,315 | 1,315 | ||
| Age(years) | 80.5 | 115.3 | ||||
| 18–<30 | 7 (0.495%) | 7,281 (10.768%) | 6 (0.456%) | 1 (0.076%) | ||
| 30–49 | 127 (8.988%) | 19,047 (28.168%) | 121 (9.202%) | 645 (49.049%) | ||
| 50–69 | 737 (52.159%) | 29,532 (43.674%) | 686 (52.167%) | 578 (43.954%) | ||
| ≥70 | 542 (38.358%) | 11,759 (17.390%) | 502 (38.175%) | 91 (6.920%) | ||
| Sex | 28.3 | 1.4 | ||||
| Female | 537 (38.004%) | 35,139 (51.966%) | 508 (38.631%) | 517 (39.316%) | ||
| Male | 876 (61.996%) | 32,480 (48.034%) | 807 (61.369%) | 798 (60.684%) | ||
| Race | 26.8 | 25.0 | ||||
| Chinese | 975 (69.002%) | 48,641 (71.934%) | 923 (70.190%) | 796 (60.532%) | ||
| Malay | 227 (16.065%) | 6,641 (9.821%) | 210 (15.970%) | 219 (16.654%) | ||
| Indian | 147 (10.403%) | 5,869 (8.680%) | 126 (9.582%) | 188 (14.297%) | ||
| Others | 64 (4.529%) | 6,468 (9.565%) | 56 (4.259%) | 112 (8.517%) | ||
| ASA-PS | 220.5 | 20.0 | ||||
| 1 | 4 (0.283%) | 16,216 (23.981%) | 4 (0.304%) | 2 (0.152%) | ||
| 2 | 103 (7.289%) | 38,212 (56.511%) | 103 (7.833%) | 68 (5.171%) | ||
| 3 | 1023 (72.399%) | 12,122 (17.927%) | 1010 (76.806%) | 970 (73.764%) | ||
| 4 | 279 (19.745%) | 1,046 (1.547%) | 198 (15.057%) | 268 (20.380%) | ||
| 5 | 4 (0.283%) | 23 (0.034%) | 0 (0.000%) | 7 (0.532%) | ||
| CVA | 38.5 | 3.2 | ||||
| No | 1237 (87.544%) | 65,918 (97.484%) | 1165 (88.593%) | 1178 (89.582%) | ||
| Yes | 176 (12.456%) | 1,701 (2.516%) | 150 (11.407%) | 137 (10.418%) | ||
| IHD | 150.8 | 7.3 | ||||
| No | 461 (32.626%) | 61,604 (91.105%) | 461 (35.057%) | 507 (38.555%) | ||
| Yes | 952 (67.374%) | 6,015 (8.895%) | 854 (64.943%) | 808 (61.445%) | ||
| DMI | 46.5 | 11.3 | ||||
| No | 1179 (83.439%) | 65,540 (96.925%) | 1117 (84.943%) | 1061 (80.684%) | ||
| Yes | 234 (16.561%) | 2,079 (3.075%) | 198 (15.057%) | 254 (19.316%) | ||
| Creatinine category | 56.1 | 8.8 | ||||
| Normal | 1132 (80.113%) | 65,752 (97.239%) | 1077 (81.901%) | 1031 (78.403%) | ||
| High | 281 (19.887%) | 1,867 (2.761%) | 238 (18.099%) | 284 (21.597%) | ||
| Anemia | 69.8 | 8.9 | ||||
| Normal | 582 (41.189%) | 49,564 (73.299%) | 571 (43.422%) | 546 (41.521%) | ||
| Mild | 380 (26.893%) | 10,087 (14.917%) | 356 (27.072%) | 336 (25.551%) | ||
| Moderate | 432 (30.573%) | 7,710 (11.402%) | 370 (28.137%) | 404 (30.722%) | ||
| Severe | 19 (1.345%) | 258 (0.382%) | 18 (1.369%) | 29 (2.205%) | ||
| Stage of CKD | 100.7 | 29.5 | ||||
| 1 | 326 (23.071%) | 41,181 (60.902%) | 316 (24.030%) | 383 (29.125%) | ||
| 2 | 442 (31.281%) | 19,798 (29.279%) | 424 (32.243%) | 325 (24.715%) | ||
| 3 | 358 (25.336%) | 4,316 (6.383%) | 329 (25.019%) | 242 (18.403%) | ||
| 4–5 | 287 (20.311%) | 2,324 (3.437%) | 246 (18.707%) | 365 (27.757%) | ||
| Anaesthesia | 18.3 | 14.5 | ||||
| General | 1114 (78.839%) | 58,019 (85.803%) | 1032 (78.479%) | 1106 (84.106%) | ||
| Regional | 299 (21.161%) | 9,600 (14.197%) | 283 (21.521%) | 209 (15.894%) | ||
| Priority of surgery | 8.1 | 3.2 | ||||
| Elective | 1123 (79.476%) | 55,884 (82.645%) | 1050 (79.848%) | 1033 (78.555%) | ||
| Emergency | 290 (20.524%) | 11,735 (17.355%) | 265 (20.152%) | 282 (21.445%) | ||
| Surgery risk | 31.0 | 1.4 | ||||
| Low | 556 (39.349%) | 33,912 (50.152%) | 521 (39.620%) | 518 (39.392%) | ||
| Moderate | 663 (46.921%) | 29,841 (44.131%) | 626 (47.605%) | 623 (47.376%) | ||
| High | 194 (13.730%) | 3,866 (5.717%) | 168 (12.776%) | 174 (13.232%) | ||
| RDW category | 38.2 | 14.0 | ||||
| ≤15.7% | 1084 (76.716%) | 61,247 (90.577%) | 1034 (78.631%) | 955 (72.624%) | ||
| >15.7% | 329 (23.284%) | 6,372 (9.423%) | 281 (21.369%) | 360 (27.376%) | ||
Values were n (%) or mean ± SD.
SD, standardised differences; CVA, history of previous cerebrovascular accidents; IHD, history of ischemic heart disease; DMI, history of diabetes mellitus on insulin; CHF, congestive heart failure; ASA-PS, American society of anaesthesiologists physical Status; CKD, chronic kidney disease; RDW, red cell distribution width.