TABLE 5.

Determinants of “having a major depressive episode” among PWID.

	Major depressive episode
	HCV positive (n = 161)			HCV negative (n = 105)
	Univariate		Multivariate	Univariate		Multivariate
	OR	p-values	aOR [95%CI]	OR	p-values	aOR [95%CI]
Telomere length (continuous)	0.49 [0.34; 0.70]	<0.001	0.53 [0.36; 0.80]	0.94 [0.66; 1.32]	0.71	1.05 [0.72; 1.52]
Socio-demographic data:
Age (continuous)	1.08 [1.03; 1.12]	<0.001	1.07 [1.01; 1.40]	1.05 [1.00; 1.10]	0.02	1.05 [1.00; 1.11]
Sex (ref : female)
Male and transgender	0.74 [0.14; 3.79]	0.72	0.21 [0.03; 1.51]	0.72 [0.22; 2.30]	0.58	–
Drug consumption:
Heroin, frequency of consumption per month (ref : less than daily)
Daily	0.79 [0.40; 1.55]	0.49	0.46 [0.17; 1.23]	1.04 [0.46; 2.34]	0.92	–
Methamphetamine, frequency of consumption per month (ref: <4 times per month)
≥4 times per month	1.56 [0.73; 3.30]	0.25	–	0.33 [0.11; 0.97]	0.03	0.27 [0.08; 0.94]
Alcohol (ref: no excessive consumption)
Excessive consumption	1.68 [0.81; 3.49]	0.16	3.23 [1.18; 8.87]	1.14 [0.51; 2.56]	0.75	–
Viral infections:
HIV (ref: HIV serology negative)
HIV serology positive	0.65 [0.34; 1.21]	0.17	–	1.15 [0.45; 2.91]	0.76	–
Treatments:
Methadone (ref: currently receiving methadone)
Not receiving methadone	1.51 [0.80; 2.84]	0.20	3.03 [1.18; 7.80]	2.56 [1.10; 5.98]	0.03	2.44 [0.90; 6.84]
ARV (ref: no)
Under ARV	0.69 [0.36; 1.34]	0.28	–	1.11 [0.39; 3.20]	0.84	–

ref, non-syndrome; aOR, adjusted odd ratio; and CI, confidence interval. Values in bold are statistically significant.