Table 1.
The characteristic of included studies.
| No | Reference | Country | Study design | Sample size (n) | Age (mean ±SD) | Male n (%) | RVOT conduction delay sign on ECG | ECG criteria | Mean/median duration of follow up (months) | Outcomes | NOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bigi et al. (20) | Iran | Retrospective cohort study | 24 | 31 ± 7.5 | 24 (100) | aVR sign | R wave amplitude ≥ 0.3 mV or R/q ratio ≥ 0.75 in lead aVR | 50 | Syncope/VT/VF/ aborted SCD | 7 |
| 2 | Calo et al. (23) | Italy | Prospective cohort study | 347 | 45 ± 13.1 | 272 (78) | Significant S wave in lead I | S wave amplitude ≥ 0.1 mV and duration ≥ 40 ms in lead I | 48 | VT/VF/SCD/ aborted SCD |
8 |
| 3 | Ragab et al. (21) | Netherlands | Retrospective cohort study | 132 | 43 ± 15 | 86 (65) | aVR sign | R wave amplitude ≥ 0.3 mV in lead aVR | 44 | VT/VF | 8 |
| 4 | Ragab et al. (33) | Netherlands | Retrospective cohort study | 147 | 43 ± 15 | 97 (65) | Large S wave in lead I | S amplitude ≥ 0.15 mV | 56 | VT/VF | 8 |
| 5 | Morita et al. (22) | Japan | Retrospective cohort study | 62 | NA | 62 (100) | aVR sign and large S wave in lead I | R wave amplitude > 0.3 mV or R/q ratio of ≥ 0.75 in lead aVR S wave amplitude ≥ 0.1 mV and/or duration ≥ 40 ms |
48 | VF | 7 |
| 6 | Rizal et al. (24) | Indonesia | Retrospective cohort study | 22 | NA | 19 (86) | large S wave in lead I | S wave amplitude ≥ 0.1 mV and duration ≥ 40 ms in lead I | 27 | VT/VF/ICD shocks | 7 |
| 7 | Honarbakhsh et al. (26) | Multicenter international | Retrospective cohort study | 1110 | 51.8 ± 13.6 | 790 (71.2) | aVR sign and significant S wave in lead I | R wave amplitude ≥ 3 mm or R/q ratio ≥ 0.75 in lead aVR S wave amplitude of ≥0.1 mV in lead I |
64 | VT/VF/aborted SCD/ICD shocks | 8 |
| 8 | Nagase et al. (27) | Japan | Retrospective cohort study | 209 | 45 ± 14 | 200 (96) | Prominent S wave in lead I | S-wave amplitude ≥ 0.1 mV and/or duration ≥ 40 ms in lead I | 56 | VF | 8 |
| 9 | Shinohara et al. (32) | Japan | Retrospective cohort study | 193 | 50 ± 13 | 180 (93) | Large S wave in lead I | Not mentioned in detail | 101 | VT/VF/ICD shocks | 7 |
| 10 | Michowitz et al. (28) | Multicenter international | Retrospective cohort study | 57 | 14 | 42 (73) | Large S wave in lead I | S-wave amplitude ≥ 0.1 mV or duration ≥ 40 ms in lead I | 39 | Arrhythmic Events | 7 |
| 11 | Migliore et al. (29) | Italy | Prospective cohort study | 272 | 43 ± 12 | 223 (82) | Large S wave in lead I | S-wave amplitude ≥ 0.1 mV and/or duration > 40 ms in lead I | 85 | SCD/VF/ICD shocks | 8 |
RVOT, right ventricular outflow tract; ECG, electrocardiographic; NOS, Newcastle Ottawa Scale; VT, ventricular tachycardia; VF, ventricular fibrillation; SCD, sudden cardiac death; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; ms, milliseconds.