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. 2022 Jun 17;12:898614. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.898614

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Copyright © 2022 Takei, Fukasawa, Tanaka, Yamamoto, Tamura, Sasaki, Akasaki, Kamata, Murahashi, Shimoda and Murayama

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Recurrence pattern on MRI after Bev therapy; “cT1 flare-up” vs. “T2-diffuse/T2-circumscribed” in tumor oxygenation, stemness, and immunological TME. Recurrent GBM after Bev therapy in cT1 flare-up and T2-diffuse GBM. FOXM1 (A), nestin (B), MVD (C), CA9 (D), and HIF-1α expression (E). Error bar; standard deviation. Bev, bevacizumab; CA9, carbonic anhydrase 9; FOXM1, Forkhead box M1; GBM, glioblastoma; HIF-1α, hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MVD, microvessel density; TME, tumor microenvironment.