Table 2.
The descriptive characteristics, including gender, age, lifestyle characteristics, anthropometric measurements, nutritional, and thyroid parameters of the study population according to presence/absence of thyroid nodular disease.
| Parameters |
Nodules presence n. 391 (49.2%) |
Nodules absence n. 403 (50.8%) |
*p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Males (n, %) | 110 (28.1%) | 130 (32.3%) | χ2 = 1.41, p = 0.235 |
| Females (n, %) | 281 (71.9%) | 273 (67.7%) | |
| Age (Years) | 42.83 ± 13.59 | 43.43 ± 10.19 | 0.480 |
| Lifestyle characteristics | |||
| Smoking (Yes) | 155 (39.6) | 60 (14.9%) | χ2 = 60.33, p < 0.001 |
| Physical activity (Yes) | 143 (36.6) | 273 (67.7%) | χ2 = 76.05, p < 0.001 |
| Anthropometric measurements | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 33.27 ± 8.08 | 32.45 ± 7.79 | 0.145 |
| Normal weight (n, %) | 70 (17.9%) | 96 (23.8%) | χ2 = 3.85, p = 0.066 |
| Overweight (n, %) | 90 (23.0%) | 71 (17.6%) | χ2 = 3.25, p = 0.071 |
| Grade I obesity (n, %) | 76 (19.4%) | 81 (20.1%) | χ2 = 0.02, p = 0.884 |
| Grade II obesity (n, %) | 70 (17.9%) | 70 (17.4%) | χ2 = 0.01, p = 0.917 |
| Grade III obesity (n, %) | 85 (21.7%) | 85 (21.1%) | χ2 = 0.02, p = 0.892 |
| Nutritional parameters | |||
| PREDIMED score | 5.27 ± 2.62 | 7.90 ± 2.44 | <0.001 |
| Low adherence to the MD | 212 (54.2%) | 65 (16.1%) | χ2 = 125.09, p < 0.001 |
| Average adherence to the MD | 158 (40.4%) | 234 (58.1%) | χ2 = 24.05, p < 0.001 |
| High adherence to the MD | 21 (5.4%) | 104 (25.8%) | χ2 = 60.95, p < 0.001 |
BMI, Body mass index; PREDIMED, Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea; MD, Mediterranean Diet. *A significant difference (p < 0.05).