TABLE 2.

Estimated mean values of BSG primary components calculated from the literature data stated in the table. The values are expressed as a percentage of dry matter (%_DM), or with an appropriate unit of measurement, with indicated standard deviations.

Compound [%DM]	Mean values	References
Hemicellulose	30.60 ± 9.78	Giacobbe et al. (2019), Tišma et al. (2018), Rojas-Chamorro et al. (2019), Sibhatu et al. (2021), Corchado-Lopo et al. (2021), Llimos et al. (2020), Assefa and Jabasingh (2020)
Cellulose	21.42 ± 4.81	Rojas-Chamorro et al. (2019), Tišma et al. (2018), Sibhatu et al. (2021), Llimos et al. (2020), Corchado-Lopo et al. (2021), Castro and Colpini (2021), Assefa and Jabasingh (2020)
Lignin	11.41 ± 6.76	Castro and Colpini (2021), Rojas-Chamorro et al. (2019), Llimos et al. (2020), Corchado-Lopo et al. (2021), Tišma et al. (2018), Sibhatu et al. (2021), Assefa and Jabasingh (2020), Giacobbe et al. (2019)
Proteins	20.93 ± 2.38	Castro and Colpini (2021), Almeida et al. (2017), Pathania et al. (2018), Rojas-Chamorro et al. (2019), Sibhatu et al. (2021), Nazzaro et al. (2020)
Lipids	8.52 ± 2.17	Castro and Colpini (2021), Almeida et al. (2017), Nazzaro et al. (2020), Naibaho and Korzeniowska (2021)
Starch	10.21 ± 10.97	Nazzaro et al. (2020), Giacobbe et al. (2019), Rojas-Chamorro et al. (2019)
Ash	3.68 ± 0.88	Rojas-Chamorro et al. (2019), Castro and Colpini (2021), Giacobbe et al. (2019), Almeida et al. (2017), Sibhatu et al. (2021), Pathania et al. (2018), Assefa and Jabasingh (2020), Nazzaro et al. (2020), Naibaho and Korzeniowska (2021)
Arabinoxylan	10.37 ± 10.17	Bravi et al. (2021), Lynch et al. (2021)
β-glucans	1 ± 0.00	Bravi et al. (2021)
Phenolic compounds [μg/gDM]
Ferulic acid	1,144.53 ± 705.38	Sajib et al. (2018), Birsan et al. (2019)
p-Coumaric acid	453.47 ± 252.48	Sajib et al. (2018), Birsan et al. (2019)
Catechin	29.39 ± 47.64	Birsan et al. (2019), Almeida et al. (2017)
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid	14.89 ± 2.50	Birsan et al. (2019)
Sinapic acid	11.13 ± 4.95	Birsan et al. (2019)
Syringic acid	77.5 ± 44.16	Birsan et al. (2019), Almeida et al. (2017)
Protocatechuic acid	3.65 ± 0.26	Birsan et al. (2019)
Caffeic acid	0.28 ± 0.18	Birsan et al. (2019)
Amino acids [mg/g]
Leucine	0.212 ± 0.140	Tan et al. (2019), Cooray and Chen, (2018)
Serine	0.020 ± 0.006
Aspartic Acid	0.170 ± 0.206
Threonine	0.036 ± 0.029
Phenylalanine	0.089 ± 0.095
Proline	1.128 ± 1.102
Glutamic Acid	0.353 ± 0.069
Lysine	0.056 ± 0.062
Tyrosine	0.053 ± 0.066
Fatty acids [mg/g]
Palmitic acid	1.029 ± 1.099	Tan et al. (2019), Almeida et al. (2017)
Stearic acid	0.303 ± 0.415
Oleic acid	0.072 ± 0.044
Linoleic acid	0.506 ± 0.087
Sugars [%]
Glucose	23.06 ± 13.38	Sajib et al. (2018), Meneses et al. (2013), Denstadli et al. (2010)
Xylose	12.96 ± 2.44	Sajib et al. (2018), Meneses et al. (2013), Denstadli et al. (2010)
Arabinose	5.95 ± 1.62	Sajib et al. (2018), Meneses et al. (2013), Denstadli et al. (2010)
Mannose	0.94 ± 0.34	Sajib et al. (2018), Denstadli et al. (2010)
Galactose	0.77 ± 0.75	Sajib et al. (2018), Denstadli et al. (2010)
Minerals [mg/kg]
Phosphorus	5,441.35 ± 790.05	Almeida et al. (2017), Meneses et al. (2013)
Potassium	1,085.45 ± 686.53
Iron	182.45 ± 38.97
Calcium	1,840.8 ± 2,487.89
Zinc	74.65 ± 10.54
Manganese	37.6 ± 4.67
Vitamins [mg/kg]
Vitamin B1	25	Nagy and Diosi (2021)
Vitamin B2	25
Vitamin B6	9
Vitamin K	4.50