Table 2.

Results of linear mixed models examining the effects of region (Re), temperature (T), rainfall (R), and genome global methylation, on the three principal components (PC 1, PC 2, PC 3) of the PCA performed on seven phenotypic traits (RGR, RSR, C/N, Δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, SIPI, and PRI₅₃₁ indices) of Carpobrotus edulis.

Effects	PC 1 (=35.1% variance)						PC 2 (=21.2% variance)						PC 3 (=14.5% variance)
	Variance	SE	Estimate	df	F	P	Variance	s.e	Estimate	df	F	P	Variance	s.e	Estimate	df	F	P
Nested random
Site(region)	0.258	0.222					0.070	0.124					0.001	0.091
Fixed
Region			−0.065	1, 7	0.169	0.694			1.392	1, 6	12.009	0.014			−0.843	1, 5	0.001	0.979
Temperature			0.137	1, 34	4.560	0.040			0.451	1, 34	0.124	0.727			−1.242	1, 34	1.156	0.290
Rainfall			−0.523	1, 34	0.267	0.609			0.375	1, 33	0.515	0.478			−0.289	1, 34	9.751	0.004
Methylation			−0.035	1, 37	0.947	0.337			0.019	1, 38	0.320	0.575			−0.087	1, 39	6.729	0.013
Re x T			0.096	1, 34	0.018	0.895			0.070	1, 33	0.282	0.599			0.964	1, 34	1.131	0.295
Re x R			0.573	1, 34	0.635	0.431			−0.296	1, 34	1.649	0.208			1.146	1, 34	2.027	0.164
T x R			0.900	1, 35	2.042	0.162			−0.473	1, 35	2.717	0.108			1.417	1, 36	3.892	0.056
Re x T x R			−0.327	1, 34	0.101	0.752			−0.651	1, 35	0.454	0.505			−0.875	1, 36	0.781	0.383

Site nested within region was included as a random effect in the models (estimates of residuals ± SE = 0.766 ± 0.187 for the PC 1, 0.687 ± 0.171 for the PC 2, and 0.734 ± 0.183 for the PC 3). Values of p < 0.05 are highlighted in bold, and values of p marginally significant are highlighted in italics. See Figure 1 and Supplementary Figure 4, for significant differences.