Table 3.
Association between COPD, asthma and HF medication prescription at discharge in patients with HFrEF
| Medication prescription at discharge | COPD unadjusted OR (95% CI) |
COPD fully adjusted* OR (95% CI) |
Asthma unadjusted OR (95% CI) |
Asthma fully adjusted† OR (95% CI) |
| Beta-blockers (N=86 449*,†) | ||||
| Fixed effects | 0.61 (0.58, 0.64, p=0.22×10−16) | 0.66 (0.64, 0.68, p=0.22×10−16) | 0.63 (0.59, 0.67, p=0.22×10−16) | 0.57 (0.54 0.60, p=0.22×10−16) |
| Random effects | ||||
| Variance | 0.553 | 0.578 | 0.549 | 0.578 |
| LR test p value | 0.22×10−16 | 0.22×10−16 | 0.22×10−16 | 0.22×10−16 |
| ACEis/ARBs (n=96 080*,†) | ||||
| Fixed effects | 0.87 (0.84, 0.90, p=0.139×10−13) | 0.91 (0.87 to 0.95, p=0.256×10−6) | 1.13 (1.07, 1.19, p=0.16×10−6) | 1.07 (1.01, 1.13, p=0.0143) |
| Random effects | ||||
| Variance | 0.149 | 0.130 | 0.148 | 0.130 |
| LR test p value | 0.22×10−16 | 0.22×10−16 | 0.22×10−16 | 0.22×10−16 |
| MRA (N=96 080*,†) | ||||
| Fixed effects | 0.97 (0.94, 1.01, p=0.114) | 1.02 (0.98, 1.06, p=0.268) | 1.08 (1.04, 1.13, p=0.00043) | 1.07 (1.02, 1.12, p=0.0084) |
| Random effects | ||||
| Variance | 0.232 | 0.195 | 0.226 | 0.195 |
| LR test p value | 0.22×10−16 | 0.22×10−16 | 0.22×10−16 | 0.22×10−16 |
Likelihood ratio test comparing fixed to random effects for hospital model fit, significant indicates random-effects model performed better than fixed-effects model.
*Adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, asthma, place of care and New York Heart Association status.
†Adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, COPD, place of care and New York Heart Association status
ACEi, ACE inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; LR, likelihood ratio; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist.