Table 1. Patient Characteristics in the Pre–FDA Approval vs Early Post–FDA Approval Era Stratified by Receipt of Immunotherapy.
| Characteristic | Pre–FDA approvala | Early post–FDA approvala | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total patients, No. | Received immunotherapy, No. (%)b | P valuec | Total patients, No. | Received immunotherapy, No. (%)b | P valuec | |
| Total, No. | 223 337 | 7930 (3.6) | NA | 179 352 | 28 941 (16.1) | NA |
| Cancer type | ||||||
| NSCLC | 193 546 | 6271 (3.2) | <.001 | 153 687 | 23 908 (15.6) | <.001 |
| RCC | 23 962 | 1155 (4.8) | 19 752 | 3890 (19.7) | ||
| Melanoma | 5829 | 504 (8.6) | 5913 | 1143 (19.3) | ||
| Age, median (IQR), y | 68 (60-76) | 63 (56-70) | <.001 | 68 (60-76) | 66 (58-73) | <.001 |
| Age group, y | ||||||
| ≤55 | 35 549 | 1979 (5.6) | <.001 | 24 748 | 5024 (20.3) | <.001 |
| 56-65 | 60 351 | 2661 (4.4) | 49 786 | 9077 (18.2) | ||
| 66-75 | 69 702 | 2411 (3.5) | 57 562 | 9327 (16.2) | ||
| >75 | 57 735 | 879 (1.5) | 47 256 | 5513 (11.7) | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 125 430 | 4445 (3.5) | .84 | 99 651 | 16 034 (16.1) | .55 |
| Female | 97 907 | 3485 (3.6) | 79 701 | 12 907 (16.2) | ||
| Race | ||||||
| Black | 26 405 | 727 (2.8) | <.001 | 21 122 | 2969 (14.1) | <.001 |
| White | 187 069 | 6831 (3.7) | 148 764 | 24 569 (16.5) | ||
| Otherd | 8304 | 316 (3.8) | 8249 | 1214 (14.7) | ||
| Missing | 1559 | 56 (3.6) | 1217 | 189 (15.5) | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Hispanic | 8443 | 249 (2.9) | <.001 | 7320 | 1055 (14.4) | <.001 |
| Non-Hispanic | 207 483 | 7526 (3.6) | 168 391 | 27 405 (16.3) | ||
| Missing | 7411 | 155 (2.1) | 3641 | 481 (13.2) | ||
| Insurance status | ||||||
| Not insured | 10 236 | 249 (2.4) | <.001 | 5649 | 684 (12.1) | <.001 |
| Private | 62 577 | 3428 (5.5) | 48 982 | 9985 (20.4) | ||
| Medicaid | 17 760 | 589 (3.3) | 15 522 | 2275 (14.7) | ||
| Medicare | 125 218 | 3389 (2.7) | 103 642 | 15 239 (14.7) | ||
| Other government | 3306 | 100 (3.0) | 3004 | 403 (13.4) | ||
| Missing | 4240 | 175 (4.1) | 2553 | 355 (13.9) | ||
| Household income quartile, $e | ||||||
| <38 000 | 42 723 | 1250 (2.9) | <.001 | 30 969 | 4169 (13.5) | <.001 |
| 38 000-47 999 | 52 995 | 1711 (3.2) | 39 181 | 5764 (14.7) | ||
| 48 000-62 999 | 57 903 | 2066 (3.6) | 43 714 | 7157 (16.4) | ||
| ≥63 000 | 61 424 | 2444 (4.0) | 46 578 | 8175 (17.6) | ||
| Missing | 8292 | 459 (5.5) | 18 910 | 3676 (19.4) | ||
| Charlson-Deyo comorbidity score | ||||||
| 0 | 137 888 | 5549 (4.0) | <.001 | 113 507 | 19 674 (17.3) | <.001 |
| 1 | 57 144 | 1811 (3.2) | 38 697 | 5874 (15.2) | ||
| ≥2 | 28 305 | 570 (2.0) | 27 148 | 3393 (12.5) | ||
Abbreviations: FDA, Food and Drug Administration; NA, not applicable; NSCLC, non–small cell lung cancer; RCC, renal cell carcinoma.
Included years vary by cancer type. In general, the preapproval era included the 4 years before FDA approval, and the postapproval era included the 3 years after FDA approval.
Percentages were calculated across rows (eg, of all included patients with NSCLC in the pre–FDA approval era, 3.2% received immunotherapy). Percentages might not total 100% due to rounding.
P value for comparison of patients who did and did not receive immunotherapy.
Other race included the following categories defined by the National Cancer Database12: American Indian, Aleutian, or Eskimo; Asian Indian; Asian Indian or Pakistani, no other specification; Chamorran; Chinese; Fiji Islander; Filipino; Guamanian, no other specification; Hawaiian; Hmong; Japanese; Kampuchean (including Khmer and Cambodian); Korean; Laotian; Melanesian, no other specification; Micronesian, no other specification; New Guinean; Oriental, no other specification; other Asian, including Asian, no other specification; Pacific Islander, no other specification; Pakistani; Polynesian, no other specification; Samoan; Tahitian; Thai; Tongan; Vietnamese; and other.
Quartiles based on median annual household income of people in the patient’s zip code of residence.