Table 1.
Overview of ILCs in preclinical models of MS and in MS patients.
| ILC type | Experiment | Outcome | Role of ILC |
|---|---|---|---|
| NK cells | NK1.1 depleted C57BL/6 mice EAE induced with MOG35-55 (40) | Enhanced disease progression | Protective |
| NK1.1 depleted 2m-/- mice EAE induced with MOG35-55 (40) | Enhanced disease progression | Protective | |
| NK1.1 depleted 2m-/- mice EAE induced with MOG35-55 (40) | Enhanced disease progression | Protective | |
| NK.1.1 depleted SJL/J mice one day before and 14 days after EAE induction with PLP136–150 (5) | Enhanced disease progression | Protective | |
| NK1.1,/-asialo GM1/Ly49 depleted C57BL/6 mice one day before and before secondary EAE induction with MOG35-55 (41) | Diminished EAE onset | Pathogenic | |
| NK1.1 depleted IL-18-/- mice EAE induced with MOG35-55 (6) | Resistant to EAE | Pathogenic | |
| Eomes f/f NKp46-Cre+ mice EAE induced with passive transfer of 2D2 wild-type Th17 cells (4) | Equal disease progression | None | |
| ILC1 | Tbx21-/- mice EAE induced with MOG35-55 (4) | Diminished EAE onset/progression | Pathogenic |
| NK1.1 depleted Tbx21−/− mice EAE induced by adoptive transfer of autoreactive CD4+ Th17 (4) | Resistant to EAE | Pathogenic | |
| Tbx21f/f NKp46-Cre+ EAE induced with MOG35-55 (4) | Diminished EAE onset | Pathogenic | |
| ILC1-/- HSV-IL2 mice (16) | Demyelination comparable to control mice | None | |
| ILC2 | ILC2-/- HSV-IL-2 mice (16) | Protection from demyelination | Pathogenic |
| ILC2-/- with adoptive BM-derived ILC2s and infection with HSV-IL-2 virus (16) | Severe demyelination in comparison to control mice | Pathogenic | |
| SJL-cKit-/- mice EAE induced with PLP136–150 (17) | c-Kit mutation induces severe EAE in males but not females | Protective | |
| ILC3 | Thy1+ depleted mice EAE induced with MOG35-55 (42) | Equal disease progression | None |
| C57BL/6 mice EAE induced with MOG35-55 (42) | Increased number of IL-17, TNF and IFN-γ producing ILC3s in the meninges | Pathogenic? | |
| ILC3-/- HSV-IL2 mice (16) | Demyelination comparable to control mice | None | |
| LTis | MS patients (43–46) | Elevated levels in the CNS and blood | Pathogenic? |
| CSF samples from MS patients (43) | Increased frequency of CD56-RORyt+ LTis | Pathogenic? | |
| Rorc-/- mice EAE induced with MOG35-55 (42) | Resistant to EAE | Pathogenic |