Figure 4.

Targeting MDSCs by ART reduces tumor growth in two mouse tumor models. (a–c) C57BL/6 mice injected s.c. on day 0 with B16F10 melanoma cells and received subsequent i.p. injections of either DMSO or different doses of ART (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) once every day starting from day 9 of B16F10 tumor model. (a) Tumor growth curve, (b) mice weight curve, and (c) tumor weight recorded from B16F10 tumor-bearing mice (n = 5 mice per group). (d) Survival curve of DMSO and ART 50 mg/kg-treated B16F10 tumor-bearing mice (n = 5 mice per group). (e–l) The proportions of immune cells in tumor tissues: MDSCs, M-MDSCs, G-MDSCs, DCs, macrophages, CD3⁺ T cells, CD4⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T cells, Treg cells, B cells, and NK cells were detected by flow cytometry. MDSCs were CD45⁺CD11c⁻F4/80⁻CD11b⁺Gr-1⁺ cells; M-MDSCs were CD45⁺CD11c⁻F4/80⁻CD11b⁺Ly6G⁻Ly6C^high cells; G-MDSCs were CD45⁺ -CD11c⁻F4/80⁻CD11b⁺Ly6G⁺Ly6C^low/int cells; DCs were CD45⁺F4/80⁻CD11c⁺ cells; macrophages were CD45⁺CD11c⁻F4/80⁺ cells; CD3⁺ T cells were CD45⁺CD3⁺ cells; CD4⁺ T cells were CD45⁺CD3⁺CD4⁺CD8⁻ cells; CD8⁺ T cells were CD45⁺CD3⁺CD4⁻CD8⁺ cells; Treg cells were CD45⁺CD3⁺CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ cells; B cells were CD45⁺CD19⁺ cells; and NK cells were CD45⁺CD3⁻CD4⁻NK1.1⁺ cells. Data are means ± SEM and are from a representative experiment of three (a–c and e–l). Unpaired Student's t test for (a)–(c) and (e)–(l). Two-sided log-rank test for (d). ^∗P < 0.05, ^∗∗P < 0.01, and ^∗∗∗P < 0.001. ns: not significant.