Table III.
Association between coffee and black tea intake and BCC or SCC in the Singapore Chinese Health Study (N = 61,321)
| Carcinoma type | Cases | Person-years | HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| BCC | |||
| Coffee | |||
| None to <weekly | 106 | 225,000 | 1.00 |
| Weekly to <daily | 34 | 102,516 | 0.73 (0.49–1.07) |
| 1–2 cups/d | 272 | 727,192 | 0.78 (0.62–0.98) |
| ≥3 cups/d | 15 | 63,939 | 0.54 (0.31–0.93) |
| P for trend | .017 | ||
| Black tea | |||
| None to < monthly | 304 | 711,265 | 1.00 |
| Monthly to <weekly | 34 | 87,241 | 0.99 (0.70–1.42) |
| Weekly to <daily | 51 | 193,172 | 0.69 (0.51–0.93) |
| Daily | 38 | 126,969 | 0.74 (0.52–1.04) |
| P for trend | .01 | ||
| SCC | |||
| Coffee | |||
| None to <weekly | 48 | 224,351 | 1.00 |
| Weekly to <daily | 25 | 102,334 | 1.15 (0.71–1.87) |
| 1–2 cups/d | 104 | 725,077 | 0.64 (0.45–0.91) |
| ≥3 cups/d | 5 | 63,752 | 0.33 (0.13–0.85) |
| P for trend | .001 | ||
| Black tea | |||
| None to < monthly | 115 | 708,806 | 1.00 |
| Monthly to <weekly | 13 | 86,954 | 1.01 (0.57–1.80) |
| Weekly to <daily | 39 | 193,056 | 1.30 (0.90–1.89) |
| Daily | 15 | 126,697 | 0.62 (0.36–1.08) |
| P for trend | .57 | ||
Adjusted for age at recruitment; sex; dialect group; year of recruitment; education; body mass index; smoking; alcohol consumption; history of diabetes; time spent sitting at work, watching television, engaging in moderate activity, engaging in strenuous sports, and engaging in vigorous activity; and intake of black tea, green tea, coffee. and soda.
BCC, Basal cell carcinoma; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma.