Table 5.

Software and prototype options available for the purpose of LCC, LCIA, and circularity

Software and prototype	Brief description	Source
TOMRA Expert Line	TOMRA Expert Line in Canada has developed algorithms for material recycling and waste solutions The software is a paid service	https://www.tomra.com/en
OPTORO	Have also developed algorithms for material recycling and waste solutions The software is a paid service	https://www.optoro.com/
CEP-AMERICAS	This Circular Economy Platform (CEP) of the Americas is an initiative powered by the Americas Sustainable Development Foundation (ASDF). It fills the vacuum for an easy-access one-stop-shop portal where information about circular economy from and for the Americas is made available	https://www.cep-americas.com/
Eco invent	Database for the life cycle assessment on energy supply, resource extraction, material supply, chemicals, metals, agriculture, waste management services, and transport services. The Eco invent life cycle inventory database, aids in environmental analyses of goods and processes globally The software is a paid service	https://www.ecoinvent.org/home.html
SimaPro	SimaPro enables you to successfully apply your sustainability expertise to enable informed decision-making and improve product life cycles The program enables you to acquire insights about the environmental performance of products and services, allowing you to become an informed change-maker who actually promotes long-term change. The program may be used for a variety of purposes, including sustainability reporting, carbon and water foot printing, product design, environmental product declaration generation, and identifying key performance indicators The software is a paid service	https://simapro.com/
Thinkstep GaBi	Life cycle assessments, product and organizational carbon footprints. This database spans over multiple sectors The software is a paid service, whilst the database is free	http://www.gabi-software.com/international/databases/gabi-databases/
Schneider Electric	Calculators based on data science. Tools are web-based that allow you to experiment with “what-if” scenarios using data and science to estimate outcomes during data center concept and design work Free and paid services	https://www.se.com/ww/en/work/solutions/for-business/data-centers-and-networks/trade-off-tools/
Circularise	An open, distributed and secure communications protocol for the circular economy. The platform allows information exchange between stakeholders throughout the value chain, creating transparency around product histories and material destinations	https://www.circularise.com/
Circular economy toolkit (CET)	An assessment tool, which identifies improvements in products’ circularity Free	http://circulareconomytoolkit.org/
Material circularity indicator (MCI)	Described by the Ellen MacArthur foundation as a tool used to assess European products in regard to a circular economy Free	https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/our-work/activities/ce100/co-projects/material-circularity-indicator
Circularity calculator	Supports manufacturers in product designs for a circular economy Free	http://www.circularitycalculator.com/
C-BUILD	Rates circularity developed by National University of Singapore (NUS). Supports zero-waste policy goals. The method is designed for rating future-proof construction of buildings. It operates on the requirements of architecture and listed metrics (design considerations), originating from CE definitions Open source, free
Embodied carbon in construction calculator (EC3)	A free and easy to use tool that allows benchmarking, assessment, and reductions in embodied carbon, focused on the upfront supply chain emissions of materials Free	https://www.buildingtransparency.org/en/
Documentation and record keeping for data centers	Software management tools such as DCIM (Data Centre Infrastructure Management), CMMS (Computerized Maintenance Management System), EPMS (Electrical Power Monitoring System), and DMS (Document Management System) for operations and maintenance can provide a “single pane of glass” to view all required procedures, infrastructure assets, maintenance activities, and operational issues