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Reduction of NDPs to dNDPs catalyzed by Escherichia coli class Ia RNR. The reduction is initiated by a thiyl radical (C439•), and the reducing equivalents are provided by the oxidation of C225 and C462 to a disulfide. Multiple turnovers require a redoxin reducing system such as thioredoxin (TR), thioredoxin reductase (TRR), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH).
