Table 2.
Multivariable-adjusted associations among COVID-19 vaccine-associated disease flares requiring change in treatment and potential predictors
| n/N | Multivariable OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (per 5 years) | 274/5619 | 0.97 (0.92, 1.02) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 14/802 | 1.00 (ref) |
| Female | 260/4817 | 2.71 (1.55, 4.72) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 237/4602 | 1.00 (ref) |
| Non-white | 37/1017 | 0.72 (0.49, 1.05) |
| Systemic rheumatic disease | ||
| RA | 77/1701 | 1.00 (ref) |
| Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies | 16/824 | 0.54 (0.31, 0.96) |
| SLE | 53/791 | 1.51 (1.03, 2.20) |
| Sjogren's syndrome | 22/540 | 0.90 (0.55, 1.48) |
| PsA | 24/304 | 1.95 (1.20, 3.18) |
| AS | 17/291 | 1.55 (0.89, 2.71) |
| PMR | 16/197 | 1.94 (1.08, 2.48) |
| Vasculitis | 10/163 | 1.40 (0.70, 2.80) |
| Systemic sclerosis | 2/135 | 0.34 (0.08, 1.42) |
| IBD | 5/118 | 1.01 (0.40, 2.57) |
| GCA | 3/67 | 1.01 (0.30, 3.36) |
| Psoriasis | 4/67 | 1.29 (0.45, 3.69) |
| Asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema or COPD | ||
| No | 217/4689 | 1.00 (ref) |
| Yes | 57/930 | 1.20 (0.88, 1.63) |
| BMI | ||
| Non-obese (BMI <30 kg/m2) | 208/4310 | 1.00 (ref) |
| Obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | 66/1309 | 0.98 (0.73, 1.31) |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never smoker | 180/3456 | 1.00 (ref) |
| Past smoker | 74/1792 | 0.84 (0.63, 1.12) |
| Current smoker | 20/371 | 1.00 (0.62, 1.62) |
| COVID-19 vaccine | ||
| Pfizer-BioNTech | 137/3028 | 1.00 (ref) |
| Moderna | 53/1035 | 1.29 (0.92, 1.81) |
| Oxford-AstraZeneca | 76/1200 | 1.44 (1.07, 1.95) |
| Other | 8/356 | 0.53 (0.25, 1.12) |
| Previous serious reaction to a non-COVID-19 vaccine | ||
| No | 230/5225 | 1.00 (ref) |
| Yes | 44/394 | 2.50 (1.76, 3.54) |
| Withheld any SRD medication at time of vaccine | ||
| No | 183/3700 | 1.00 (ref) |
| Yes | 79/1498 | 1.09 (0.83, 1.45) |
| No medications | 12/421 | 0.72 (0.39, 1.33) |
Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI were calculated in logistic regression models adjusting for all covariates show in the table and full model results are shown. Bolded values are statistically signficant (P < 0.05). SRDs reported by >1% of participants shown. A full listing of systemic rheumatic diseases is in Supplementary Table S1, available at Rheumatology online. Estimates are mutually adjusted for all factors listed in the table.
n: number of participants with both vaccination and disease flare; N: number of participants with vaccination.