TABLE 1.
Strains analyzed in this study, ITS-HHP pattern type number, and relevant characteristics
| Speciesa (no. of strains) | Hb | Strain | Relevant characteristic(s) of strain (reference[s]) |
|---|---|---|---|
| BA (27) | 30 | Davis TE702c | pXO1−/2+ (51) |
| 31 | 256c, 282c, 582c, 846c, 6445/RA3c, 6445/RA3Rc, 6687/4896/Lc, 6769c, 7611c, 7611Rc, 9240c | All the strains were pXO1+/2+ except strains 6445/RA3R and 7611R (pXO1+/2−) (48, 51). Strains 256, 282, 582, and 846 were isolated in the French Pyrenees in 1994 (Guy Patra, personal communication). All the other strains were isolated in France, in the Pyrenees and Alps, in 1997 (48). | |
| 32 | 170c, 227c, 300c, 376c, 663c, 779c, 832c, 957c, 4229c, 6602c, 7700c, 7702c, Cepanzoc, 2522d, antiMid | All the strains were pXO1+/2+ except 7700 (pXO1−/2−); 957, 7702, and Cepanzo (pXO1+/2−); and 4229 and 6602 (pXO1−/2+) (51). Strains 170, 376, 663, 779, and 832 were isolated in France (Guy Patra, personal communication). | |
| BC (23) | 13 | cer3e | Isolated from candies (17) |
| 14 | po1e | Isolated from ultrahigh-temperature milk (17) | |
| 25 | 360f | ||
| 26 | cer1e | ||
| 27 | cer6e | Isolated from tomato sauce (17) | |
| 28 | co1e | Isolated from pasteurized milk (17) | |
| 29 | 2896f | ||
| 33 | bc2e | ||
| 34 | 345f | ||
| 35 | cer5e | Isolated from rice (17) | |
| 37 | 46321f | ||
| 38 | 487f | ||
| 39 | be1e | Isolated from marble of Ca' d'Oro façade, Venice, Italy (17) | |
| 40 | 31Te | B. cereus type strain | |
| 41 | cer4e | Isolated from rice (17) | |
| 42 | myde | ||
| 43 | 351f | ||
| 44 | my1e | Isolated from ultrahigh-temperature milk (17) | |
| 45 | co2e | ||
| 47 | 6127f | ||
| 49 | 626f | ||
| 50 | 5148g | Same as strain Bc7, produces the bacteriocin cerein 7 (45) | |
| 58 | IO200h | ||
| BM (21) | 3 | G2e | Isolated from garden soil, Italy |
| 15 | 309f, 384f, bmFe | 384 strain growth at 7°C (15) | |
| 16 | NRS273Ti | B. mycoides type strain | |
| 17 | 2048Tf, 229f | 2048T, B. mycoides type strain; growth at 7°C (15) | |
| 18 | B615i | Isolated from soil (43) | |
| 19 | B14828i | ||
| 20 | BmMede | Isolated from alkaline soil, Italy | |
| 21 | BmSe | ||
| 22 | Ndre, Bife | Isolated from soil, Italy | |
| 23 | NRS306i, NRS319i | Isolated from soil (43) | |
| 24 | G1e, Nov1e | G1, isolated from garden soil, Italy; Nov1, isolated from maize rhizosphere, Italy | |
| 36 | A81e, TP2e | Isolated from soil, Italy | |
| 46 | MycHe | ||
| 48 | Nov2e | Isolated from maize rhizosphere, Italy | |
| BP (8) | 7 | BD10i, BD14i | Isolated from soil (43) |
| 8 | A82e | Isolated from soil, Italy | |
| 9 | B346i | Isolated from soil (43) | |
| 10 | CAe | Isolated from soil, Italy | |
| 11 | B617Ti, B618i | B617T, B. pseudomycoides type strain (44); isolated from soil (43) | |
| 12 | TP1e | Isolated from soil, Italy | |
| BT (58) | 51 | BMG1.6h | Isolated from soil, Tunisia |
| 52 | 2046Tf | B. thuringiensis type strain, subsp. thuringiensis | |
| 53 | Bt10h | B. thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis | |
| 54 | BUMP30j | Same as strain BST30, B. thuringiensis subsp. sotto (30) | |
| 55 | 5424f | B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis | |
| 56 | HD868k | B. thuringiensis subsp. tochigiensis; produces the bacteriocin tochicin (46) | |
| 57 | BUMP33j | Isolated from soil, Tunisia | |
| 59 | Bt5e | ||
| 60 | Bt14h, Bt44h | Bt14, B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis; Bt44, B. thuringiensis subsp. dendrolimus | |
| 61 | Ht39l | Displays entomocidal activity against Culex sp. larvae | |
| 62 | Hc15l, Hc24l, Hc32l, Hc35l | Display entomocidal activity against Culex sp. larvae | |
| 63 | Hc17l | Displays entomocidal activity against Culex sp. larvae | |
| 64 | Hc16l | Displays entomocidal activity against Culex sp. larvae | |
| 65 | Hc13l | Displays entomocidal activity against Culex sp. larvae | |
| 66 | BMG1.3h, BMG1.4h, BMG1.5h | Isolated from surface water, Tunisia | |
| 67 | Ht51l | Displays entomocidal activity against Culex sp. larvae | |
| 68 | Hc45l | Displays entomocidal activity against Culex sp. larvae | |
| 69 | Hc36l | Displays entomocidal activity against Culex sp. larvae | |
| 70 | BX1h, BX3h, BX8h, BX9h, BX11h, BX12h, BX16h, BX19h, BX20h, BX21h, BX22h, BG7h | BX strains were isolated from hypersaline soils in Tunisia and display antifungal activity against Fusarium sp. | |
| 71 | BMG1.2h, BMG1.7h, BMG1.8h, BMG1.9h, BUMP24j, BUMP25j, BUMP26j, BUMP28j, BUMP29j | Isolated from soil, Tunisia; strain BMG1.7 produces the bacteriocin thuricin 7 (Cherif et al., unpublished) | |
| 72 | BTXe, PTBe, BTKe, HD2k | Strain HD2, B. thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis, produces the bacteriocin thuricin (19) | |
| 73 | Bt1h, Bt7h, Bt9h, Bt33h, Bt55h, HD1m, Ale | Bt1, B. thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis; Bt7, B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai; Bt9, B. thuringiensis subsp. tolworthi; Bt33 and HD1, B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki; Bt55, B. thuringiensis subsp. galleriae | |
| 74 | BMG1.1h | Isolated from soil, Tunisia | |
| 75 | Bt13h | Bt13, B. thuringiensis subsp. pakistani | |
| BW (4) | 4 | 10201n | Growth at 7°C (39, 50); isolated from milk (39) |
| 5 | 10208n | Growth at 7°C (39, 50); isolated from milk (39) | |
| 6 | 10204Tn, 10202n | 10204T, B. weihenstephanensis type strain; growth at 7°C (39, 50); isolated from milk (39) | |
| BL (1) | 1 | BI32 | |
| PL (1) | 2 | BX7 |
Abbreviations used to indicate the B. cereus group species; BA, B. anthracis; BC, B. cereus; BM, B. mycoides; BP, B. pseudomycoides; BT, B. thuringiensis; BW, B. weihenstephanensis. The outgroup species were B. licheniformis (BL) and Paenibacillus lentimorbus (PL).
H, ITS-HHP type number (Fig. 4).
Institute Pasteur, Paris, France. Total DNA of the B. anthracis strain was kindly provided by M. Mock.
Istituto Zooprofilattico, Milan, Italy. Total DNA of the B. anthracis strains was kindly provided by M. Luini.
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche, Milan, Italy.
Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany.
Spanish Type Culture Collection. B. cereus strain 5148 was kindly provided by Federico Uruburu.
Laboratoire de Microbiologie de Tunis. BX strains were isolated and kindly provided by N. Sadfi. The reference strains of B. thuringiensis subspecies Bt1, Bt7, Bt9, Bt10, Bt13, Bt14, Bt33, and Bt55 were kindly provided by A. Boudabous.
Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection, Peoria, Ill. Strains were kindly provided by L. K. Nakamura.
Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax. BUMP strains were kindly provided by S. Jaoua.
Bacillus Genetic Stock Center. B. thuringiensis strains HD2 and HD868 were kindly provided by D. R. Zeigler.
Strains kindly provided by Hala Khyami-Horani, Department of Biological Sciences, Amman, Jordan.
Strain derived from commercial B. thuringiensis based bioinsecticides.
Weihenstephan Bacillus Collection, Weihenstephan, Germany. B. weihenstephanensis strains were kindly provided by S. Scherer.