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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Subst Use Misuse. 2021 Dec 13;57(3):337–343. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2021.2012688

Table II.

Association Between Demographic Characteristic and Interest in HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among People Who Inject Drugs and Access Harm Reduction Services at Public Health – Seattle and King County Syringe Service Programs

Unadjusted Prevalence Ratio
(95% CI)
p-value Adjustedh Prevalence Ratio
(95% CI)
p-value
High-risk for HIV
(Unstably housed, use meth & heroin)
1.52 (1.17, 1.97) 0.002 1.41 (1.06, 1.88) 0.02
Age 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) 0.20
Gender
 Men Ref --
 Woman 0.96 (0.76, 1.20) 0.70
 Trans / genderqueer / nonbinaryi -- --
Race
 White 0.89 (0.69, 1.14) 0.36
 Black / African American 1.08 (0.69, 1.71) 0.73
 Latinx/Hispanic 0.84 (0.52, 1.35) 0.46
 Am. Indian / Alaska Native 1.30 (0.81, 2.09) 0.07
 Asian / Pacif. Isl. / Nat. Hawaiian 1.27 (0.89, 1.80) 0.18
 Other 0.27 (0.04, 1.66) 0.16
Homeless j 1.55 (1.12, 2.13) 0.008 --
Exchange Sex 1.33 (0.97, 1.83) 0.08
MSM k 0.66 (0.33, 1.29) 0.22
Drug(s) used in past 3 months
 Heroin 1.12 (0.77, 1.63) 0.54
 Methamphetaminej 1.66 (1.16, 2.38) 0.006 --
 Goofball (meth & heroin) 1.25 (0.98, 1.59) 0.08
 Crack cocaine 0.92 (0.69, 1.24) 0.60
 Powder cocaine 0.95 (0.69, 1.31) 0.75
 Speedball (cocaine & heroin) 0.86 (0.59, 1.23) 0.40
 Fentanyl 1.41 (1.10, 1.80) 0.006 1.13 (0.87, 1.43) 0.40
 Other opiate medication 1.33 (1.01, 1.75) 0.04 1.28 (0.98, 1.67) 0.07
 Benzodiazepines / Downers 0.99 (0.76, 1.29) 0.94
Number of days injected in last 7 days 1.04 (0.98, 1.10) 0.21
Shared syringes in past 3 months 1.17 (0.88, 1.57) 0.28
Shared other injection equipment in past 3 months 1.37 (1.09 1.73) 0.007 1.14 (0.89, 1.45) 0.31
PrEP aware 0.58 (0.45, 0.74) <0.001 0.58 (0.45, 0.74) <0.001
STI in last 12 months 0.96 (0.46, 2.01) 0.92
Drug treatment in past 12 months 0.85 (0.68, 1.07) 0.16
Health insurance 0.83 (0.59, 1.17) 0.28
h

Multivariable adjusted model includes the following variables: high-risk for HIV, use of fentanyl in the past three months, use of other opioids in the past three months, sharing injection equipment in the past three months, and prior awareness of PrEP.

i

Number of transgender / genderqueer / nonbinary persons was too small to run regression model.

j

Variable not included in the adjusted model, despite statistical significance in bivariate analysis, as person who are high-risk are by definition homeless and use methamphetamine.

k

In comparison to men who did not report sex with other men in the past 12 months.