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. 2022 Jun;32(6):1137–1151. doi: 10.1101/gr.276362.121

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© 2022 Kunyavskaya et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the first six months after the full-issue publication date (see https://genome.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml). After six months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Figure 1. — The architecture of centromere on Chromosome X. The centromere of Chromosome X (cenX) consists of ∼18,100 monomers of length ≅171 bp each based on the cenX assembly in Bzikadze and Pevzner (2020); the T2T assembly (Nurk et al. 2022) represents a minor change to this assembly. These monomers are organized into ∼1500 units. Five units are colored by ﬁve shades of green illustrating unit variations. Each unit is a stacked tandem repeat formed by various monomers. The vast majority of units in cenX correspond to the canonical HOR, which is formed by 12 monomers (shown by 12 different colors). The figure on top represents the dot plot of the nucleotide sequence of the canonical HOR that reveals 12 monomers. Although the canonical units are 95%–100% similar, monomers are only 65%–88% similar. In addition to the canonical 12-monomer units, cenX has a small number of partial and auxiliary HORs with varying numbers of monomers.