Table 3.

Summary of study and participant characteristics.

AUTHOR, YEAR, COUNTRY	STUDY DESIGN/METHODS, SAMPLE SIZE	LENGTH OF INTERVENTION	LOCATION	PARTICIPANT CHARACTERISTICS	INTERVENTION CHARACTERISTICS
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES
Aftab et al., 2018 (1), USA	Randomised Controlled Trial 200 TTIM group: N = 100 Control group: N = 100	60 weeks	Primary care	Anxiety diagnosis group: Diagnosis: 22.34% with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, 34.04% with bipolar disorder; 43.62% with major depressive disorder Age (M ± SD): 51.78 ± 9.96 Gender: 68.09% Females, 32.81% Males Ethnicity: 51.06% African American, 35.11% Caucasian, 13.83% other HbA1c (M ± SD %): 7.80 ± 2.11 No anxiety diagnosis group: Diagnosis: 26.42% with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, 34.04% with bipolar disorder, 22.64% with major depressive disorder Age (M ± SD): 53.47 ± 8.93 Gender: 60.38% Females; 39.62% Males Ethnicity: 55.66% African American, 38.68% Caucasian, 5.66% other HbA1c (M ± SD %): 8.17 ± 2.38	Targeted Training in Illness Management (TTIM): A group-based psychosocial treatment focusing on psychoeducation, problem identification, goal setting, behavioural modelling, and care linkage. Sessions co-facilitated by a nurse and a peer-educator covers topics on SMI education, diabetes education, problem solving skills, nutrition, physical activity, medication education, medical and social support, and foot care education. TTIM is delivered in a 2-step process: Step 1- 12 weekly in-person group sessions with six to 10 participants per group. Step 2- 48 weeks with telephone maintenance sessions which last from 10 to 15 mins, for the first three months and monthly thereafter.
Chwastiak et al., 2018 (2), USA	Randomized controlled pilot study 35	The mean duration of the active treatment was 14.8 weeks, with a range of 9 weeks to 27 weeks. The mean number of visits was 4.9	Community mental health centre	Diagnosis: 48% with depression, 24% with schizophrenia, 28% with bipolar disorder, all with T2D diagnosis Age (M ± SD): 54 ± 9.4 Gender: 64% Females, 36% Males Ethnicity: 53% African American, 10% Hispanic, 37% White	Adapted collaborative care (based on TEAMcare model): Initial (60-minute) nurse care manager visit for a health assessment and an individualised health plan, then 30-minute visits for the support of chronic illness self-management (including medication adherence, healthy nutrition, and regular physical activity) every other week for 12 weeks and monthly thereafter for up to six months. Nurses used motivational interviewing and behavioural activation to address barriers to self-management and coordinated multi-agency care.
McKibbin et al., 2010 (3), USA	Randomized pre-test, post-test control group design 52	24 weeks	In board-and-care and community clubhouse settings	Usual care + information: Diagnosis (M ± SD): Schizophrenia: 23 ± 88.5, Schizoaffective: 3 ± 11.5, all with T2D diagnosis Gender: 38.5% Females, 61.5% Males Age (M ± SD): 55.6 ± 8.7 Ethnicity (M ± SD): Euro-American: 18 ± 69.2, Other: 8 ± 30.8 Diabetes Awareness Rehabilitation Training (DART) Diagnosis (M ± SD): Schizophrenia: 19 ± 73.1, Schizoaffective: 7 ± 26.9, all with T2D diagnosis Gender: 38.5% Females, 61.5% Males Age (M ± SD): 52.4 ± 8.6 Ethnicity (M ± SD): Euro-American: 12 ± 46.2, Other: 14 ± 53.8	From the paper: Diabetes Awareness Rehabilitation Training (DART) comprised a 24-week intervention with three modules: (1) Basic Diabetes Education; (2) Nutrition; (3) Lifestyle Exercise. Each module contained 4 90-minute manualised sessions. Participants met in groups with 6 to 8 of their peers and one diabetes-trained mental health professional. Concrete behavioural change strategies were used including self-monitoring (e.g., pedometers), modelling, practice (i.e., healthy food sampling), goal setting and reinforcement (i.e., raffle tickets). Simple guidelines were provided such as switching from regular to diet soda and eating slowly.
Sajatovic et al., 2011 (4), USA	Prospective, uncontrolled, case-series pilot trial 12	16 weeks	Primary care	Diagnosis: 25% with schizophrenia, 28% with bipolar disorder, 48% with major depressive disorder, all with T2D diagnosis Age (M ± SD): 52.7 ± 9.5 Gender: 64% Females, 36% Males Ethnicity: 54% African American, 37% Caucasian, 10% Other Use of second-generation antipsychotic medication: 37% HbA1c (M ± SD %): 8.2 ± 2.3 BMI (M ± SD): 36.0 ± 8.7	Targeted training in illness management (TTIM) (as previously described).
Sajatovic et al., 2017 (5), USA	Randomised controlled trial 200 TTIM group: N = 100 Control group: N = 100	60 weeks	Primary care	Diagnosis: all with a diagnosis of TD2 and SMI Age range: 33 to 62 years (median 49.5) Ethnicity: 75% were from a racial ethnic minority group	Targeted training in illness management (TTIM) (as previously described).
Blixen et al., (2014) (6), USA	Phenomenological 8 peer-educators		Primary care	Age range: 45 to 64 (median 56) Gender: 5 females; 3 males Ethnicity: 2 White non-Hispanic, 4 Black, non-Hispanic, 2 Hispanic, White. Diagnosis: 5 T2D and depression, 2 T2D and schizophrenia, 1 T2D and bipolar disorder	Targeted training in illness management (TTIM) (as previously described).
Lawless et al., (2016) (7), USA	Basic interpretation Missing data		Primary care	Missing data	Targeted training in illness management (TTIM) (as previously described).

Key: BMI = Body Mass Index; DART = Diabetes Awareness and Rehabilitation Training; HbA1c = Glycated haemoglobin; T2D = Type 2 diabetes; TTIM = Targeted Training in Illness Management.