Fig.2.

Common nystagmus slow-phase waveforms. (A) Constant velocity (linear) waveform, with added fast phases producing a sawtooth appearance characteristic of vestibular or cerebral hemispheric disease. (B) Decreasing velocity waveform with a negative exponential time course typical of pathologic gaze-evoked nystagmus from an impaired neural integrator. (C) Increasing velocity waveform suggesting an unstable neural integrator. (D) Pendular nystagmus, consisting of only slow phases. Adapted from Leigh and Zee [109].