Porcine intestinal enteroid (PIE) monolayers infected with SADS-CoV-GFP in the presence of (A) chlorpromazine (CME inhibitor), (B) amiloride (macropinocytosis inhibitor), (C) nystatin (CavME inhibitor) or (D) dynasore (dynamin 2 inhibitor) at the indicated concentration and harvested at 48 hpi. Chlorpromazine, amiloride, nystatin and dynasore were added during and post-infection; data are from three independent experiments. (E) Caveolin-1 immunogold electron microscopy of SADS-CoV entry. Caveolin-1 was labeled with 10-nm immunogold, as indicated by the green arrow; SADS-CoV is indicated by the blue arrow (scale bar, 100 nm). P values were determined by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. *: p < .05; **: p < .01; ***: p < .001; ns, not significant.