Fig. 5.

Currently available delivery vehicle for the effective administration of miRNA-based therapeutics. It could be categorized broadly into viral and non-viral vectors. 1) Viral vector includes Lentiviruses, Bacteriophages, and Retroviruses. 2) Non-viral vector is further categorized into physical and chemical vectors. (i) Physical vector (biolistic gun, electroporation, ultrasound, etc.) (ii) chemical vector could be (a) inorganic material like gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), Fe3O4-based nanoparticles, silica-based nanoparticles, or magnetic nanoparticles; (b) polymeric vector such as polyethyleneimine (PEI), poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and dendrimers; (c) lipid-based nanocarriers like cationic, anionic, and neutral liposomes; (d) cell-derived membrane vesicles viz. Exosomes, microvesicles, or apoptotic bodies; lastly, (e) 3D scaffold based carrier comprises porous, fibrous scaffolds, etc. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)