Table 3.

Adjusted odds ratios of cesarean delivery, fetal intolerance of labor, and failure to progress by race/ethnicity controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics

	Cesarean Delivery (n = 16,587)	Fetal intolerance of labor* (n = 3727)	Failure to Progress* (n = 3727)
Race/ethnicity (ref: White)	aOR† (95% CI‡)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)
Asian/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	1.59 (1.44–1.76)	0.90 (0.76–1.07)	1.46 (1.22–1.74)
Black	1.73 (1.45–2.06)	1.51 (1.10–2.07)	0.77 (0.56–1.04)
Hispanic	1.43 (1.28–1.59)	0.87 (0.72–1.05)	1.25 (1.03–1.52)
Multiple races/American Indian/Alaskan Native	1.45 (1.17–1.80)	1.27 (0.86–1.86)	1.03 (0.70–1.51)

^*Among women who had cesarean deliveries, 486 (13.02%) of the women who had cesarean deliveries had both fetal intolerance of labor and failure to progress as indications

^†Adjusted odds ratio from logistic regression models adjusted for maternal age at delivery, income, education, marital status, obesity, gestational diabetes, gestational or chronic hypertension or preeclampsia, induction of labor, availability of midwifery services, gestational age, and neonate birth weight

^‡Confidence interval