Table 1.
Demographics of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants and the mothers in outcome categories.
| Characteristics | Survivors (N = 1419) | Nonsurvivors (N = 1156) | OR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics of infants | ||||
| Gender (male), n (%) | 745 (52.50) | 623 (53.89) | 0.946 (0.809–1.105) | NS |
| GA (weeks), mean ± SD | 28.37 ± 1.95 | 27.45 ± 2.08 | – | < 0.001 |
| BW (grams), median (IQR) | 910 (840, 960) | 850 (750, 930) | – | < 0.001 |
| SGA, n (%) | 360 (25.37) | 234 (20.24) | 1.339 (1.111–1.614) | < 0.01 |
| Apgar score, n (%) | ||||
| ≤ 3 at 1 min | 125 (8.81) | 209 (18.08) | 0.438 (0.345–0.555) | < 0.001 |
| 4–7 at 1 min | 479 (33.76) | 431 (37.28) | 0.857 (0.729–1.008) | NS |
| ≤ 3 at 5 min | 14 (0.99) | 48 (4.15) | 0.230 (0.126–0.498) | < 0.001 |
| 4–7 at 5 min | 148 (10.23) | 251 (21.71) | 0.420 (0.337–0.523) | < 0.001 |
| Surfactant therapy (any dose), n (%) | 1150 (81.04) | 801 (69.29) | 1.895 (1.579–2.274) | < 0.001 |
| Surfactant therapy (two doses or more), n (%) | 166 (11.70) | 164 (14.19) | 0.801 (0.636–1.010) | NS |
| Length of hospital stay (days), median (IQR) | 69 (53, 85) | 3 (1, 11) | – | < 0.001 |
| Characteristics of mothers | ||||
| History of pregnancy problemsa, n (%) | 589 (41.51) | 452 (39.10) | 1.105 (0.943–1.295) | NS |
| Age ≥ 35 years, n (%) | 310 (21.85) | 221 (19.12) | 1.183 (0.975–1.435) | NS |
| Cesarean section, n (%) | 691 (48.70) | 399 (34.52) | 1.801 (1.535–2.113) | < 0.001 |
| Twin/multiple pregnancy, n (%) | 530 (37.35) | 466 (40.31) | 0.883 (0.753–1.035) | NS |
| Antenatal corticosteroid, n (%) | 800 (56.38) | 467 (40.40) | 1.907 (1.629–2.232) | < 0.001 |
| Premature rupture of membranes, n (%) | 342 (24.10) | 203 (17.56) | 1.491 (1.228–1.810) | < 0.001 |
| Infection in perinatal period, n (%) | 78 (5.50) | 62 (5.36) | 1.026 (0.728–1.446) | NS |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 123 (8.67) | 84 (7.27) | 1.211 (0.907–1.617) | NS |
| Pregnancy induced hypertension syndrome, n (%) | 398 (28.05) | 240 (20.76) | 1.488 (1.239–1.787) | < 0.001 |
| Placental abruption/Placenta previa, n (%) | 115 (8.10) | 101 (8.74) | 0.921 (0.697–1.218) | NS |
| Cervical incompetence, n (%) | 20 (1.41) | 35 (3.03) | 0.458 (0.263–0.798) | < 0.01 |
| Fetal distress, n (%) | 108 (7.61) | 64 (5.54) | 1.406 (1.021–1.935) | < 0.05 |
GA, gestational age; BW, birth weight; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; SGA, small for gestational age; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence intervals; NS, no significant difference.
aHistory of pregnancy problems refers to that the mother had at least one of the histories as follow: spontaneous abortion, induced abortion, stillbirth, preterm birth, ectopic pregnancy, or baby died during neonatal period.