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. 2022 Jul 1;13:3795. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31447-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a High-Annular Dark Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (HAADF-STEM) image of the entire Beta Hunt foil showing a large inclusion on the left-hand side and a smaller inclusion on the right-hand side of the foil. b Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elemental map of the part of the largest inclusion (indicated by a white rectangle in Fig. 3a) showing amorphous silica in the centre of the inclusion and a thin carbon layer at the interface with gold. c Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) image of the area within the white rectangle in Fig. 3b. The image shows amorphous silica (aSi) in the right-side of the image, amorphous carbon (aC) concentrated along the interface between the amorphous silica and the host gold, numerous rounded Au or Ag NPs (Au NP) are encapsulated in the amorphous carbon phase. d High Resolution TEM image of the area indicated by a white rectangle in Fig. 3c. showing 5 nm Au (or Ag) NP in amorphous carbon. A d-spacing of 2.37 Å was obtained for the metal NP using FFT analysis and was matched with Au, Ag, or Au-Ag alloy crystal structures.