Table 2.

Episodes or days of heroin use and VAS scores for heroin craving/refusal to use heroin during the previous week.

Measurements	Experimental		Control		Adjusted difference (95% CI)b
	Mean ± SD	P-valuea	Mean ± SD	P-valuea
Episodes or days of heroin use
Baseline	2.85 ± 2.30		1.46 ± 1.33
Week 2	1.92 ± 2.10	0.008∗	1.23 ± 1.42	0.641	0.63 (−0.50–1.75)
Week 4	1.46 ± 1.81	0.030∗	1.23 ± 2.09	0.641	1.15 (−0.37–2.68)
Heroin craving (VAS)
Baseline	3.38 ± 2.69		2.15 ± 1.95
Week 2	2.15 ± 2.19	0.147	3.23 ± 2.46	0.028∗	2.22 (0.42–4.02)∗
Week 4	2.15 ± 2.34	0.120	3.15 ± 1.86	0.016∗	2.23 (0.51–3.95)∗
Refusal to use heroin (VAS)
Baseline	6.15 ± 3.83		4.54 ± 3.87
Week 2	5.69 ± 4.03	0.629	5.85 ± 3.21	0.037∗	1.74 (−0.42–3.89)
Week 4	6.62 ± 4.09	0.719	4.92 ± 3.25	0.724	−0.77 (−3.47–3.32)
Urine morphine (+/−)
Baseline	12/2		6/7
Week 2	9/5	0.082	6/7	–	0.21 (−0.03–0.46)
Week 4	9/4	0.165	6/7	–	0.14 (−0.07–0.35)

∗p < 0.05.

Abbreviations: SD: standard deviation; VAS: visual analogue scale.

^aRepeated measures ANOVA.

^bIndependent t-test was used for the statistical analysis of changes from baseline in each outcome between two groups.