TABLE 1.

Bacterial counts and activity measurements at different sampling points by various methods

Sampling point (type of source)	Date (mo/day/yr)	Water temp (°C)	Total cell no. (105)/mla	% Respiring cellsb	% Esterase-active cellsc	% of cells with membrane integrityd	% CFU on R2A medium	DVC method		qDVC method
								No. of DVC+ cells (105)/mle	% DVC+ cellsa	No. of remaining cells (105)/mlaf	% qDVC+ cellsg
Kitahashi (river water)	02/24/2000	7.8	24 (2.0)**	15	25	58	16	NDh	ND	14 (1.0)**	42
	02/25/2000	6.8	21 (1.5)**	9.4	28	62	13	ND	ND	10 (0.73)**	52
	02/28/2000	11	83 (18)**	61	38	66	ND	20 (2.5)**	24	17 (1.0)**	80
	02/29/2000	10	76 (0.58)**	29	66	54	34	20 (6.1)**	26	27 (2.5)**	78
	03/01/2000	10	69 (7.8)**	16	41	49	22	35 (5.1)**	51	23 (0.58)**	67
Takiue (river water)	03/06/2000	7.3	16 (0.00)**	6.4	20	69	3.1	0.35 (0.061)**	2.2	12 (1.0)**	25
	03/07/2000	6.1	16 (1.2)**	2.7	40	70	1.5	0.25 (0.045)**	1.6	12 (1.0)**	25
	03/08/2000	5.0	17 (1.2)**	3.5	44	67	0.59	0.25 (0.080)**	1.5	10 (1.5)**	41
Tarumi Shrine (springwater)	02/01/2000	ND	0.74*	27	38	—i	9.1	0.031*	4.1	0.52*	35
	02/03/2000	ND	1.0*	18	14	—	6.0	0.047*	4.8	0.80*	23
	02/04/2000	ND	0.64*	22	38	—	14	0.065	9.3	0.43*	32
	02/07/2000	ND	1.2*	43	25	—	25	0.50*	45	0.62*	49
	02/16/2000	11	1.0 (0.058)**	21	32	—	9.1	0.045 (0.016)**	45	0.61 (0.046)**	39
	02/17/2000	12	0.94 (0.14)**	13	39	—	7.3	0.028 (0.0023)**	3.0	0.57 (0.025)**	40
	02/18/2000	11	0.96 (0.040)**	8.8	27	—	10	0.023 (0.0066)**	2.4	0.58 (0.046)**	40

^aMean cell counts, with standard deviations in parentheses. *, results from single replicate; **, results from three replicates. 

^bCells that are able to reduce CTC. 

^cCells that are able to hydrolyze ester bonds of 6CFDA. 

^dCells that are not able to be stained by PI. 

^eDVC⁺, substrate responsive, i.e., cells are elongated and/or fattened during DVC incubation. 

^fCell number after freeze-thaw treatment following qDVC incubation. 

^gqDVC⁺, cells lysed by qDVC procedure. 

^hND, not done. 

ⁱ—, undetectable because of low fluorescence intensity.