Table 2.
Model predicted pharmacokinetic parameters of gadobutrol in blood
| Patient category | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| REF | PC | AC | SIH | IIH | iNPH | Comm. HC | Non-comm. HC | |
| Number of subjects | 28 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 63 | 11 | 3 |
| T1/2, abs (h) | 4.57 ± 3.31 (72%) | 4.12 ± 2.14 (52%) | 4.86 ± 2.93 (60%) | 3.79 ± 2.91 (77%) | 2.32 ± 1.61b (69%) | 4.15 ± 3.07 (74%) | 4.62 ± 3.86 (84%) |
4.92 ± 3.88 (79%) |
| Tmax (h) | 7.49 ± 4.09 (55%) |
9.00 ± 4.27 (47%) |
8.89 ± 2.98 (34%) | 7.09 ± 3.44 (49%) |
5.8 ± 2.01 (35%) |
9.85 ± 5.4 a (55%) | 8.14 ± 3.44 (42%) |
12.33 ± 7.17 (58%) |
| Cmax (μM) | 0.70 ± 0.38 (54%) | 0.66 ± 0.31 (47%) | 0.55 ± 0.23 (42%) | 0.90 ± 0.58 (64%) | 0.83 ± 0.27 (33%) | 0.67 ± 0.48 (72%) | 0.50 ± 0.17 a (34%) |
0.54 ± 0.49 (91%) |
| Tlag (h) | 0.74 ± 0.67 (91%) | 1.20 ± 0.59 a (49%) | 0.74 ± 0.42 (57%) |
1.03 ± 0.89 (86%) |
0.88 ± 0.55 (62%) |
1.16 ± 0.77 a (66%) |
1.12 ± 0.87 (78%) |
0.96 ± 0.82 (85%) |
| AUC0-∞ (μM h) |
12.58 ± 2.55 (20%) |
15.05 ± 3.96 (26%) |
13.65 ± 6.13 (45%) |
15.36 ± 5.92 (39%) |
15.67 ± 4.54a (29%) |
18.49 ± 8.24c (45%) |
12.79 ± 4.68 (37%) |
13.44 ± 3.6 (27%) |
Data presented as mean ± SD (coefficient of variation given in parenthesis). Abbreviations: T1/2, abs = Time to 50% of tracer dose absorbed to blood (absorption half-life), indicative of CSF tracer clearance to blood. Tmax = Time to maximum concentration. Cmax = Dose-normalized maximum concentration. Tlag = lag-time of absorption. AUC0-∞ = Dose-normalized area under curve from zero to infinity. Significant difference from REF: aP < 0.05, bP < 0.01, cP < 0.001 (independent samples t-test). Patient categories: AC arachnoid cyst, Comm HC communicating hydrocephalus, IIH idiopathic intracranial hypertension, iNPH: idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, Non-comm HC non-communicating hydrocephalus, PC pineal cyst, REF reference cohort, SIH spontaneous intracranial hypotension