Table 1.
Demographic characteristic and biochemical analysis in diabetic patients with and without retinopathy
| Demographic characteristic | Diabetic Mellitus with retinopathy (N = 62) | Diabetic Mellitus without retinopathy and/or nephropathy (N = 92) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)a | 59.6 ± 6.0 | 55.0 ± 6.0 | 0.001 |
| Sex ( Women)c | 27 (43.5%) | 53 (57.6%) | 0.1 |
| BMI (kg/m2)a | 28.9 ± 4.6 | 29.0 ± 5.6 | 0.8 |
| Disease duration (year)a | 16.5 ± 6.7 | 10.1 ± 6.2 | 0.001 |
| Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency (< 30 ng/ml) | 51 (83.6%) | 70 (77.8%) | 0.4 |
| Laboratory outcomes | |||
| FBS (mg/dL)a | 150.1 ± 64.4 | 143.6 ± 46.2 | 0.45 |
| Ln BUN (mg/dL)a | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 2.7 ± 0.3 | 0.001 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL)a | 5.62 ± 1.57 | 5.10 ± 1.33 | 0.02 |
| TG (mg/dL)a | 133.42 ± 68.05 | 157.82 ± 94.17 | 0.05 |
| TC (mg/dL)a | 155.67 ± 40.71 | 152.82 ± 36.76 | 0.6 |
| HDL (mg/dL)a | 42.19 ± 10.13 | 49.00 ± 10.33 | 0.001 |
| LDL (mg/dL)a | 86.25 ± 25.91 | 81.56 ± 23.82 | 0.23 |
| eGFR (mL/min)a | 69.80 ± 30.10 | 92.69 ± 27.11 | 0.001 |
| Cr (mg/dL)a | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL)a | 5.07 ± 0.55 | 5.26 ± 0.96 | 0.1 |
| Ln Insulin ( (μU/L)a | 2.45 ± 0.93 | 2.27 ± 0.65 | 0.2 |
| Urine microalbumin (mg/L)a | 184.11 ± 45.87 | 8.36 ± 0.97 | 0.001 |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL)a | 18.5 ± 11.6 | 21.4 ± 10.2 | 0.08 |
| Ln PTH (pg/mL)a | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 0.01 |
| Vitamin D bioavailability (ng/ml)b | 1.7 (3.04) | 0.86 (2.2) | 0.03 |
BMI Body mass index, BUN Blood urea nitrogen, Cr Creatinine, eGFR Estimating glomerular filtration rate, FBS Fasting blood serum, HDL High-density lipoprotein, LDL Low-density lipoprotein, Ln Natural logarithm, PTH Parathyroid hormone
amean ± SD
bmedian (IQR)
cNumber (percentage)