Table 2.
Descriptive analysis of full economic evaluations for hepatocellular carcinoma
| Author, year, publication type and country | Patient’s characteristics | Treatments | Analysis type/model | Perspective/time horizon | Cost | Outcomes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comparators | Microspheres | ||||||
| TARE versus TACE | |||||||
|
Rostambeigi, 2014 [20] Original article USA |
BCLC-A BCLC-B BCLC-C |
TARE versus TACE |
TheraSphere™ SIR-Spheres® |
CEA/Monte Carlo | Payer/5 years | Direct cost (medical) | OS and incremental cost |
|
Rostambeigi, 2014 [21] Communication at congress USA |
BCLC-A BCLC-B BCLC-C |
TARE versus TACE | ND | CEA/Monte Carlo | Payer/5 years | ND | OS, procedure- and complications costs, and incremental cost |
|
Manas, 2021 [22] Original article United Kingdom |
BCLC-A BCLC-B |
TARE versus TACE, TAE o DEB-TACE | TheraSphere™ | CUA/Markov | Payer/20 years | Direct cost (medical) | Downstaginga, LYG, QALY, ICER(£/LYG) y ICUR(£/QALY) |
|
Rognoni, 2018 [23] Original article Italy |
BCLC-B |
TTS: TARE + TACE + sorafenib (on 47% of patients) TS: TARE + sorafenib |
TheraSphere™ SIR-Spheres® |
CUA/Markov | Payer/lifetime | Direct cost (medical) | Cost, QALY, ICUR (€/QALY), WTP a €50,000/QALY |
| TARE versus TKIs | |||||||
|
Chaplin, 2015 [24] Communication at congress United Kingdom |
BCLC-Cb | TARE versus sorafenib | TheraSphere™ | CUA/Markov | Payer/10 years | ND | Cost, TTP, SG y ICUR (£/QALY), |
|
Palmer, 2017 [25] Communication at congress United Kingdom |
BCLC-C | TARE versus sorafenib | SIR-Spheres® | Cost-minimization analysis | Payer/ND | Direct cost (medical) | Cost (£), principals factors cost, QALY |
|
Rognoni, 2017 [26] Original article Italy |
BCLC-B BCLC-C |
TARE versus sorafenib | ND | CUA/Markov | Payer/lifetime | Direct cost (medical) | Cost, QALY, ICUR (€/QALY), WTP a €38,500 (~ £30,000)/QALY |
|
Parikh, 2018 [27] Communication at congress USA |
BCLC-Cc | TARE versus sorafenib | ND | CUA/Markov | Payer/lifetime | Direct cost (medical) | ICUR ($/QALY) |
|
Walton, 2020 [28] Systematic review an economic evaluation United Kingdom |
BCLC-B BCLC-C (Child–Pugh A e ineligible a CTT) |
TARE versus TKIs |
TheraSphere™ SIR-Spheres® QuiremSpheres® |
CUA/Partitioned survival model and decision tree | Payer and social/10 years | Direct and indirect cost | ICUR (£/QALY), incremental net monetary (NMB) |
|
Muszbek, 2020–21 [29] Original article United Kingdom |
BCLC-Bd BCLC-Cd |
TARE versus sorafenib | SIR-Spheres® | CUA/Partitioned survival model | Payer/lifetime | Direct cost (medical) | Cost, LYG, QALY, ICUR (£/QALY), WTP a £20.000, INB |
|
Marqueen, 2021 [30] Original article USA |
BCLC-C | TARE versus sorafenib |
TheraSphere™ SIR-Spheres® |
CUA/Markov | Payer/5 years | Direct cost (medical) | Cost, QALY, ICUR (€/QALY), WTP a $100,000/QALY o $200,000/QALY |
BCLC Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification, CEA cost-effectiveness analysis, CTT conventional transarterial therapy, CUA cost-utility analysis, DEB-TACE doxorubicin eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, ICER cost-effectiveness incremental ratio, ICUR incremental cost-utility ratio, LYG LYG life-years gained, ND no data, OS overall survival, QALY quality-adjusted life years, TACE transarterial chemoembolization, TAE transarterial embolization, TARE transarterial radioembolization, TKI tyrosine kinase inhibitors, TTP time to progression, TTS sequency TARE, TACE and optional sorafenib (sorafenib was administered on 47% of patients), WTP willingness-to-pay
aDownstaging: decrease in tumour burden that allows patients to be rescued for treatments such as liver transplantation
bAssumed clinical characteristics of two separate RCTs: TheraSphere (Salem et al. 2011) and sorafenib (Phase III SHARP RCT-Llovet et al. 2018)
cPatients with unresectable HCC and Child–Pugh class A cirrhosis
dBCLC-B o BCLC-C (not appropriate to TACE): HCC with low tumour burden (≤ 25%) and good liver function (albumin–bilirubin [ALBI] grade 1)