Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants
| Aggressive behavior | Healthy controls | Test | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (s.d.) | 11.87 (2.49) | 13.02 (2.06) | t 56 = 2.42 | 0.08 |
| Sex, number (%) | Chi 2 1 = 0.02 | 0.90 | ||
| Boys | 26 (68.4%) | 14 (70.0%) | ||
| Girls | 12 (31.6%) | 6 (30.0%) | ||
| Race/ethnicity, number (%) | Chi 2 4 = 4.19 | 0.52 | ||
| White | 23 (60.5%) | 15 (75.0%) | ||
| Black | 8 (21.1%) | 5 (25.0%) | ||
| Hispanic | 4 (10.5%) | 0 | ||
| Other | 2 (5.2%) | 0 | ||
| Family characteristics | ||||
| Two-parent family | 21 (55.3%) | 14 (70.0%) | Chi 2 1 = 1.19 | 0.27 |
| Full-scale IQ, mean (s.d.) | 108.39 (12.45) | 111.04 (10.92) | t 56 = 0.89 | 0.37 |
| CBCL-aggression T-score, mean (s.d.) | 76.32 (7.91) | 51.00 (2.96 | t56 = 13.76 | <0.001 |
| RPQ total score, mean (s.d.) | 19.89 (7.40) | 3.30 (3.21) | t56 = 9.57 | <0.001 |
| ICU total score, mean (s.d.) | 32.89 (10.39) | 15.20 (6.62) | t56 = 6.61 | <0.001 |
| fMRI motion (FD), mean (s.d.) | 0.12 (0.07) | 0.11 (0.06) | t56 = 0.83 | 0.41 |
| Diagnoses, number (%) | ||||
| ODD | 28 (73.7%) | |||
| CD | 4 (10.5%) | |||
| ADHD | 30 (78.9%) | |||
| Any anxiety disorder | 7 (18.4%) | |||
| Depression | 4 (10.5%) | |||
| DMDD a | 8 (21.1.4%) | |||
| Other b | 9 (23.72%) | |||
| Medication status, number (%) | ||||
| No medication | 13 (34.2%) | |||
| Taking medication | 25 (65.8%) | |||
| Stimulants | 10 (26.3%) | |||
| α-Agonists | 5 (13.2%) | |||
| Antipsychotics | 3 (7.9%) | |||
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) | 2 (5.3%) | |||
| Mood stabilizers | 1 (2.6) | |||
a
Following DSM-5, ODD diagnosis was not assigned to children who met criteria for DMDD.
b
Other diagnoses category included Enuresis (n = 4), Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (n = 1) and Tic Disorder (n = 4).