TABLE 2.

Code descriptions

Code	Descriptiona
Science accuracy	Code designed to track the accuracy of statements made by group members. It includes talk turns that are scientifically Inaccurate, a mix of Both accurate and inaccurate information, and scientifically Accurate.
Idea consideration	Code designed to track the extent to which students’ ideas are considered by their group members. It includes talk turns reflecting Agreement (also includes praise and affirmation), Soliciting Ideas (direct solicitation of an idea from another student, and Idea Building (expanding on a previous talk turn).
Direction of idea consideration	Code designed to track which students’ ideas were considered. The student ID number of the idea is denoted.
Conversational flow	Code designed to identify points in the dialogue in which the direction of the conversation changes to a new topic. These points occurred when a New Idea was raised that shifted the conversation and when a student made Reference to Materials that resulted in a change in the topic of conversation.
On/off task	Code designed to track the amount of conversation that was dedicated to the task (On) and the amount of conversation that did not focus on the task (Off).

^aItalicized words in the description are those used in the coding (see Table 3 for an example).